ing World War II they en-
couraged many of their
members to join the Jewish
units established by the
British army and proceeded
to set up networks for the
clandestine acquisitions of
weapons from the British
army.
At the same time a new in-
ternal organization was
established to include a
"Field Force" of combat
soldiers, a "Guard Force" of
older members and the "Gad-
na," to train youth between
14 and 18 for combat. In 1941
the Palmach crack combat
units were set up.
Meanwhile, the right-wing
Irgun Zvai Leumi, led by
Menachem Begin, and the
newly formed Stern Gang, led
by Yitzhak Shamir, became
more bitter, advocating less
restraint and more counter-
attacks against the Arabs.
From 1944 onwards they also
targeted British soldiers in an
attempt to bring the mandate
to a close.
As hostility between the
Haganah and the British
authorities grew in the years
preceding independence, so
antagonism between the
Haganah and Irgun declined.
In 1946 the Haganah blew up
all the bridges on Palestine's
borders whereby the British
imprisoned Jewish Agency
leaders and conducted sear-
ches of kibbutzim uncovering
many arms caches.
Headed by Yitzhak Sadeh
and later by Israel Galili, the
Haganah's activities increas-
ingly focused on smuggling il-
legal immigrants into Israel.
When the Anglo-American
Commission on Palestine
visited the country in 1947, it
met Haganah leaders and
concluded that they had every
chance of protecting a viable
Jewish state.
This greatly influenced the
United Nations, which in
November 1947 voted to par-
tition Palestine into Jewish
and Arab states. As in-
dependence loomed in early
1948, the Haganah's long
years of preparation were
about to be tested. On the eve
of the War of Independence
the Haganah boasted 45,000
members, 10,000 of whom
were in combat field units
and 3,000 in the elite
Palmach. The rest is history.
In April and May 1948, the
Haganah captured Safed,
Tiberias and Jaffa and repuls-
ed the Iraqi and Syrian ar-
mies and the Arab Legion. In
the south the Egyptians were
turned back and the siege of
Jerusalem lifted. It was dur-
ing this hour of glory that the
Haganah officially became
the IDF, the Israel Defense
Forces. 0
HAPPY NEW YEAR
and
Thank You For Your
Patronage!
Jim Norman,
Sr. Vice President
L'SHANA TOVA
TO ALL OF OUR
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AND
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one filled with health,
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prosperity for all our
friends and family.
Happy Holidays from
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G reg
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Happy and Healthy
New Year . .
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Orchard Mc8i 5 1 11.55W
• Bloomfield
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Best Wishes
For A
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In The Mall
855-4938
r-? Chuck
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HAPPY NEW YEAR
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Seth, Edward & Scott
661-8286
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
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