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Nadolny, O. 29200 Vassar, Suite 800, Livonia 32 FRIDAY, JUNE 14, 1991 477-7344, n the Western world, a man shows respect by taking off his hat; in Jew- ish life, he shows respect by putting it on. In Jewish tra- dition, covering the head conveys the wearer's sense that there is a force in the universe above him. The head covering gen- erally worn today is much smaller than a hat. Known in Hebrew as a kippah, it is usually made of cloth and is several inches in diameter. A kippah is worn by Orthodox males at almost all times, and by Conser- vative males in the syn- agogue and sometimes when eating. Some very observant Conservative women also wear a kippah. In Orthodox circles, wo- men would never wear a kippah, though the more traditional Orthodox mar- ried women cover their hair either with a handkerchief or a wig. Once a woman is married, her husband is the only male who is supposed to see her hair. The Reform movement is agnostic on the issue of male head covering. Until recent- ly, some Reform synagogues actually forbade Jewish men from wearing a kippah. In recent years, there has been something of a return to tra- dition in Reform, and one in- creasingly sees males wear- ing a kippah at services. Many American Jews know the word kippah by its Yiddish name, yarmulke. The Yiddish word is of uncertain origin, though it has been conjectured that it is a shortened form of two Aramaic words, Yarei meelokha (one of who fears God). The kippah is a well- known symbol of Jewish religiosity. I once performed a wedding ceremony at which a member of the American cabinet was pre- sent. He asked me whether he was required to put on a head covering. I told him he could if he wished, but Jew- ish law does not insist that a non-Jew attending a re- ligious ceremony follow the Jewish rituals. He then ask- From the book Jewish Literacy by Joseph Telushkin. Copyright (c) 1991 by Rabbi Joseph Telushkin. Reprinted with permission of William Morrow and Co., Inc. A modern kippah. ed with a smile: "But are we goyim allowed to wear yar- mulkes?" I assured him that there was no objection to a non-Jew doing so. Indeed, during every elec- tion year, one finds non- Jewish candidates putting on a kippah when speaking in Orthodox or Conservative synagogues. Although the kippah might symbolize to many non-Jews a high level of Jewish religiosity, wearing one is a custom, not a law. Nowhere does either the Torah or Talmud mandate that a Jewish male wear a head covering. In the 16th century, Rabbi Although the kippah might symbolize to many non-Jews a high level of religiosity, wearing one is a custom, not a law. Solomon Luria, one of the leaders of Polish Jewry, was asked by a man who suffered from headaches whether he was permitted to eat bareheaded. Rabbi Luria re- sponded that, in theory, there is no requirement to wear a head covering even during prayers; one can say the Sh'ma without covering one's head. But since the custom of Jewish males covering their heads has become so widely accepted, people will think that any- one who goes about bareheaded is impious. He therefore suggested that the man wear a soft kippah made of fine linen or silk. Among Orthodox Jews, various types of male head coverings reflect the diff- erent movements within Or- thodoxy. Among the most Orthodox, hats, which cover the entire head, are pre- ferred to yarmulkes. The Chasidim wear fur hats on Jewish holidays. Other,