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12

FRIDAY, MAY 17, 1991

Continued from preceding page

tainly make this a messier
debate."
Jess Hordes, Washington
director for the Anti-
Defamation League, said
one strategy is to emphasize
that the settlements issue
and the Middle East effort
should not be linked to the
loan guarantees.
"We have to show how this
is a humanitarian response
to something that the
United States had worked
on for years — the release of
Soviet Jews," he said.
"What we're talking about
is a foreign policy success for
this country — the long-
fought effort to encourage
human rights in the Soviet
Union," said Shoshana Car-
din, chair of the Conference
of Presidents of Major
American Jewish Organiza-
tions.
Boosting the integration of
up to one million Soviet
Jews in Israel, Ms. Cardin
said, is a natural culmina-
tion of that successful policy.
The second element in the
pro-Israel strategy is a com-
prehensive effort to educate
Congress and the American
people about exactly what
loan guarantees entail.
"People hear the figure
$10 billion and that's what
sticks in their minds," said
Abraham Foxman, exec-
utive director of the Anti-
Defamation League. "We
need to do a much better job
of explaining what this
whole process means."
In fact, the $10 billion rep-
resents a five-year total. The
United States steps in only if
Israel defaults. And Israel,
the activists emphasize, is
one of very few countries
that have never defaulted on
foreign loans.
"One of our needs now is to
focus people on the real costs
of these guarantees," Mr.
Foxman said, referring to
the actual impact on the
United States budget.
What that price tag will be
is not clear, thanks to the

creative bookkeeping
government accountants use
when computing the federal
budget.
"OMB (the Office of
Management and Budget)
won't make a decision on
how to score it until the
legislation is actually in
progress," said a leading
pro-Israel activist in Wash-
ington. "We've heard it
could be as low as 2.5 per-
cent of the total amount of
the loans — or as high as 7
percent."

In theory, OMB will make
a decision strictly on the
basis of the risk of default. In
fact, the decision may be
tinged by political factors,
including the administra-
tion's desire to turn a few
screws on the government of
Prime Minister Yitzhak
Shamir.
Until final costs are
known, pro-Israel activists
could have difficulty convin-
cing Congress that the pro-
gram is a relatively cheap
investment with a big hu-
manitarian payoff.
Administration anger over
the apparent failure of the
Baker peace mission will
almost certainly spill over
into the debate, Jewish ac-
tivists are privately warn-
ing. In addition, the con-
troversy over Israel's conti-
nuing expansion of Jewish
settlements weakens Israel's
opening hand in the high-
stakes game.
And 1992 is an election
year. Legislators can be ex-
pected to respond warily to
calls for new spending, espe-
cially in the always-
unpopular realm of foreign
aid.
Efforts to educate Ameri-
cans about the real costs of
the loan guarantee program
may help. But if opponents
successfully marry concerns
about government spending
to anger over some of Israel's
policies, the battle could be a
ferocious one.

❑

The DIA Will Open
Israeli Exhibition

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Loan Guarantee

The
American-Israel
Education Institute of
Michigan will cosponsor an
exhibition of "Art in Israel To-
day" at the Detroit Institute
of Arts May 24-Aug. 18. A
preview and reception is
scheduled for 6 p.m. May 23.
"Art in Israel Today" will
feature works by Moshe Ger-
shuni, Menashe Kadishman,
Moshe Kupferman, Michael
Gitlin, Zvi Goldstein, Nahum
Tevet, Dganit Berest, Gabi

Klasmer and Joshua
Borkovsky.
Dr. Jan van der Marck,
curator of 20th century art at
the DIA and curator of this
exhibition, says "Art in Israel
Today" will acquaint people
with Israel art and deepen
their understanding of Israel.
A catalogue will accompany
this exhibition and will be
sold in the Museum Shop.
The artworks will be offered
for sale during the exhibition.

N

