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Continued from Page 20
489•5862.1
exchange for the emigration
of Ethiopian Jews, Wolpe
warned, "This may. well be
Mengistu's last days, and
it's conceivable more harm
could come to the Ethiopian
Jews if we allow them to be
used as pawns in the Ethio-
pian struggle."
Wolpe's concern — that
rebels might take out their
ire with Israel on Ethiopian
Jews. In recent months, he
related, he and other mem-
bers of Congress had met
with representatives of the
rebel groups to warn them
against any such actions.
But he warned, "It's a very
fragile, uncertain situation
we see now emerging in E-
thiopia. Our focus should be
on ending all external
military involvement."
A Defense Department of-
ficial declined to comment
on the congressional memo.
But he added, "It is well
known that Israel entered
into a military relationship
with Ethiopia, and we regret
that very much."
A report in the Israeli dai-
ly Ha' Aretz last March cited
Defense Department sources
as saying they had "clear
evidence" that large
numbers of Israel military
advisers were aiding the E-
thiopian Army in its war
against several rebel
movements. The paper re-
ported that U.S. sources
estimated some 200 Israeli
advisers were involved.
Over the last year, Israel's
military relations with E-
thiopia have been an in-
creasing source of friction
between Israel and the
United States.
Last November, Secretary
of State James Baker raised
the issue during his meeting
with Shamir. And last
December, Assistant Secre-
tary of State Herman Cohen
met with Israel's Washing-
ton ambassador, Moshe
Arad, to express the ad-
ministration's opposition to
Israel's military aid to Ethi-
opia.
Baker reaffirmed the U.S.
position in a meeting with
then-Israeli Defense Min-
ister Yitzhak Rabin last
January, warning of U.S.
distress about the reports on
Israeli cluster bombs in par-
ticular. Baker reportedly
received assurances then
that Israel would provide no
cluster bombs to Ethiopia.
Members of Congress, in-
cluding Wolpe, Rep. Dan
Burton (R-Ind.), minority
leader of the African sub-
coramitee, and Sen. Howard
Metzenbaum (D-Ohio) have
also warned Israel about its
aid to the regime, which is
widely reviled in Washing-
ton.
For its part, Israel has offi-
cially denied any significant
military relationship. Israeli
embassy spokeswoman Ruth
Yaron said she could not
comment on Israel's current
position until she consulted
with the Foreign Ministry in
Jerusalem.
In his memo, based in part
on his discussion with Israeli
officials, Morrison reports
that Israel's policy towards
Ethiopia is motivated by its
concern for the emigration of
Ethiopian Jews and by its
perception of its own
geostrategic interests.
"Relations with Ethiopia
substantially advance
Israel's diplomatic relations
presence in Africa, moving
Israel back closer to pre-
1973 realities, raising pro-
spects for the restoration of
relations with Nigeria and
creating access to the Organ-
ization of Africa Unity
(OAU)," he wrote.
As for the approximately
15,000 Jews still in Ethi-
opia, informed sources agree
that the majority have now
fled their homes in ter-
ritories under rebel control
and concentrated in Addis
Ababa. There, they are
under the firm control of the
government.
During the spring, when
the key port town of Masawa
was under almost constant
bombing, Ethiopian Jewish
emigration rose to almost
500 per month. Rebel groups
at the time charged that the
regime made great use of
Israeli-supplied cluster
bombs.
Will Recant, Washington
representative of the Ameri-
can Association for Ethio-
pian Jewry, said the flow to
Israel has remained cons-
tant at about 500 per month
since the bombing stopped.
He said he was unaware of
any link between the flow
and Israeli armaments to E-
thiopia.
But according to congres-
sional sources, emigration in
recent weeks has dropped
precipitously, leading some
to fear that Ethiopia is
holding them hostage to
renewed military supplies
from Israel or other
demands. "I certainly hope
the Ethiopian regime does
not persist in this effort,"
said Wolpe. "If they do, I
think there will be a strong
reaction from Congress."
In his memo, Morrison
spoke of "a certain cynical
logic" underlying the
tradeoff. ❑
Larry Cohler writes for the
Washington Jewish Week.