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Don't Fear Pogroms,
Says Elena Bonner
New York (JTA) — Fears of
anti-Semitic pogroms in the
Soviet Union are unfounded,
but Jews have cause to fear
increased nationalism
among the Soviet working
classes, according to Dr.
Elena Bonner, human rights
activist and widow of Soviet
dissident Andrei Sakharov.
"The current level of anti-
Semitism is no different
from the constant level we
have always had in the
Soviet Union," Bonner said.
"I know I'm saying some
things that may not be pop-
ular to the American Jewish
community, but I just don't
believe the rumors about
pogroms," Bonner said
through an interpreter.
"What is a pogrom?" she
asked the crowd of reporters
rhetorically. "A pogrom is
when the homes are burned
with five children trapped
inside, when women are
raped in streets and in-
dividuals are wrapped in
carpets and set alight.
"The Jan. 18 central
writers union situation was
not a pogrom," she said, re-
ferring to an incident in
Moscow where anti-Semitic
hoodlums roughed up a
group of writers and
threatened more violence in
the future.
Bonner insists American
Jews should be less alarmed
about the threat of pogroms
and more concerned about
the "National Socialist type
of movement now growing in
the Soviet Union."
She said this movement is
particularly dangerous be-
cause it is supported by
elements of the government
as well as by the populist
working classes.
Soviet President Mikhail
Gorbachev "has not spoken
out on the issue of anti-
Semitism," said Bonner.
"We can't forget Hitler and
his thugs, the way they
began in the beer halls of
Germany. I hope Gorbachev
will go down in history as
the author of perestroika
and not of another
genocide."
But the genocide that
Bonner spoke of was not in
reference to anti-Semitic
pogroms, but the activities
that have occurred in
Armenia and that she fears
may occur soon in
Lithuania.
"I am amazed by the posi-
tion of the United States and
the European governments"
toward Soviet actions in
Lithuania, she said. "Final-
ly, after 50 years, one
Balkan government has
found the strength to declare
independence, and Washing-
ton is silent" except to say
that it hopes "Gorbachev
will not use force.
"Force is often used in our
country," she said. "We
don't have a bloodless
perestroika, as you think in
the West."
Bonner has written a
letter to Bush urging the
United States to open diplo-
matic relations with the
Lithuanian government.
She has received no re-
sponse.
Israeli Arms
Firms Listed
Paris (JTA) — Two Israeli
firms are among the 100
largest arms exporters in the
Western world, according to
a recent study by the
Stockholm-based Interna-
tional Peace Research In-
stitute.
It ranks the government-
owned Israel Aircraft In-
dustries 58th and Koor In-
dustries 94th on the list,
which is headed by such
American giants as McDon-
nell Douglas, Lockheed and
General Dynamics.
IAI, which manufactures
planes, missiles, gunboats
and electronic equipment,
exported more than $800
million worth of arm in
1988, the Swedish study
says, a 21 percent decline
compared to 1987.
Koor, owned by Histadrut,
Israel's labor federation,
manufactures mainly mis-
siles and electronic equip-
ment. It shipped out $360
million worth in 1988, a 14
percent increase over the
previous year.
Ironically, Koor In-
dustries, which also
manufactures a large array
of civilian hardware, is in
bankruptcy. The Israeli
firms' revenues are
minuscule, compared to
American arms manufac-
turers like Raytheon, which
has exports in excess of $3
billion a year.
The list included 12
British firms, 10 French and
nine West German arms
manufacturers.
There were five Japanese
companies headed by Mit-
subishi and Kawasaki,
which build combat planes,
warships, missiles and elec-
tronics.