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I

Survey Confirms Rise
In USSR Anti-Semitism

New York (JTA) — Anti-
Semitism in the Soviet
Union is on the rise and is
potentially dangerous to the
Jewish community there,
according to a recent survey
of anti-Semitism in the
Soviet Union — the first to
be conducted there since the
1920s.
The study, based upon
lengthy interviews with 506
adults in the Moscow area,
revealed "a disturbing
climate of anti-Semitic feel-
ing in the Soviet Union," but
also "some hopeful fin-
dings," according to two po-
litical science professors
from the University of
Houston who conducted the
survey.
"Soviet Jews have been
telling us through meetings,
through their behavior,
through their level of
emigration, that they fear
they are in danger," said
Sholom Comay, president of
the American Jewish Com-
mittee, which jointly spon-
sored the study with the
University of Houston and
the National Science Foun-
dation. "This is the first
time we have real data (to
support their fears). Now we
are working with fact rather
than supposition."
Working in conjunction
with Soviet sociologists,
Assistant Professor Ray-
mond Duch and Professor
James Gibson found that
almost half the people they
interviewed believed that
anti-Semitism is on the rise
in the Soviet Union.
Eighty-two percent were
unwilling to say they
"liked" Jews, while 77 per-
cent admitted that some or
most of their fellow citizens
were anti-Semitic.
The survey consisted of
350 questions concerning po-
litical tolerance in the Soviet
Union, with a particular
focus on the attitudes toward
Jews.
Of the 506 adults random-
ly surveyed, 88 percent were
of Russian nationality, 3
percent were Ukrainian, 2
percent were Armenian and
2 percent were Jewish. Mea-
sures were taken to gauge
the sincerity of people's re-
sponses, and the margin of
error 'was placed at 5 per-
cent.
Of particular concern in
the survey was the fact that,
when asked to rate their
degree of like or dislike for
Jews, 18 percent of the re-
spondents registered dislike,

while 65 percent said they
were "neutral."
When asked to rate their
feelings for the ultra-
nationalist, anti-Semitic
group Pamyat, 14 percent
expressed liking, while an-
other 23 percent were indif-
ferent toward it.
Similarly, 33 percent
agreed with the statement
"When it comes to choosing
between people and money,
Jews will choose money,"
while another 29 percent
were uncertain whether it
was true.
Twenty-three percent
agreed that "Jews have too
much influence over Russian
culture," with another 21
percent being "uncertain."
On the positive side, 91
percent believed Jews
should be free to decide for
themselves whether they
want to emigrate or remain
in the Soviet Union.
Ninety percent said they
believed that "the govern-
ment should make every
effort to see that the rights of
Jews to equal educational
opportunity are respected
throughout the Soviet
Union."
Eighty-eight percent
maintained the government
should ensure Jews equal
employment opportunities.
Seventy-four percent also
thought the government
should be doing more to con-
trol anti-Semitism.
Gibson said that while 65
percent of those surveyed
claimed to be neutral, only
38 percent rejected anti-
Semitic stereotypes.
He also noted that the
Soviet Union has a history of
using Jews as scapegoats
during times of political un-
rest. The AJCommittee was
founded in 1906, in fact, to
counter pogroms in czarist
Russia.
The experts said the
population interviewed for
the study represented some
of the Soviet Union's more
educated, sophisticated
citizens. The lower the level
of education, the higher the
propensity for anti-
Semitism, they noted.
"Moscow is not typical of
the Soviet Union," Duch
said. "The population is
generally more educated and
on the vanguard. Therefore,
these results are a baseline
measurement of anti-
Semitism. Once outside the
region, we can expect to find
higher levels of anti-
Semitism."

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