I NEWS
CONTEMPORARY
American Starts Housing
Fund For Soviet Olim
Jerusalem (JTA) — An
American Jewish philan-
thropist has given the Israeli
government a hand toward
solving one of the most
troublesome problems con-
fronting Jewish immigrants
arriving from the Soviet
Union — the lack of affor-
dable housing.
Joseph Gruss, 86, a New
York investment banker
described as a billionaire,
has established a $20
million fund to provide
qualified emigres with no-
interest private mortgages.
He did it through the
government and the Tefahot
mortgage bank, according to
Soviet Jewry activist Natan
Sharansky, who has been
named administrator of the
fund.
Sharansky -announced the
Gruss project, to be named
for the philanthropist's late
wife, Caroline, at a news
conference here Dec. 21. He
said it would benefit some
3,000 Jewish families corn-
ing from the Soviet Union,
but only if they come to
Israel directly.
The severe housing shor-
tage has been one of the
main drawbacks of immigra-
tion to Israel. But since the
United States established a
ceiling on immigration from
the Soviet Union in October,
Soviet Jews who want to
leave have little choice.
Israel expects they will
come in unprecedented
numbers.
According to Simcha
Dinitz, chairman of the
World Zionist Organization
and Jewish Agency Exec-
utives, up to a quarter
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million Soviet Jews will
immigrate to Israel in the
next three to four years.
Dinitz revised his estimate
upward from 100,000, after
visiting Moscow last week to
attend the founding con-
ference of the Congress of
Jewish Organizations and
Communities in the USSR.
He said Israel has sent out
about 360,000 invitations,
which Soviet Jews need to
apply for exit permits from
the Soviet authorities. They
attest to family reunification
being the reason for emigra-
tion.
Dinitz said priority with
respect to the documents
should be given to Jews in
some of the Soviet Central
Asian republics, where there
have been reports of anti-
Semitic incidents.
Gruss' fund, and what the
government and the Tefahot
bank contribute, will allow
an immigrant family to take
out a mortgage of up to
$70,000.
Germany To Release
War Crimes Trials Files
West Berlin (JTA) —
Researchers and scholars
will soon have access to files
containing all of the deci-
sions made by West German
courts in the trials of Nazi
war criminals, the West
Berlin authorities announc-
ed last week.
The files were compiled by
a Dutch institution called
the Foundation for Scientific
Research of Nazi Crimes.
They are expected to shed
light on the evolution of
West Germany's legal
system, which had to adapt
to political changes while
handling the delicate task of
meting out justice to Nazi
criminals.
• furniture
The records, in fact, trace a
complicated history. Direct-
ly after World War II, Nazi
criminals faced Allied
courts, not German ones.
Shortly after the Federal
Republic was founded 40
years ago, the Western allies
seemed to weary of bringing
war criminals to justice.
They began to concentrate
instead on winning the
hearts and minds and
economic potential of West
Germans for the cold war
against the Soviet Union
and its Eastern European
satellites.
The prosecution of war
criminals remained dormant
until the late 1960s.
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