0 the Yemenite Jews imported the horns of the kudu from its native India, Persia or Ethiopia. From these horns they fashioned the remarkable spiral shaped shofarot often over four feet in length, which are put to use even today on ceremonial occasions. lbday the shofar retains the same form it had in antiqui- ty and has not evolved in time as musical instruments have. This is perhaps due to the fact that the sages were never in- terested in the musical or tonal quality of the shofar but rather with the religious meaning of the shofar's sounds. There are three basic sounds: the tekiah, a long un- broken sound that symbolizes hope and strength; the shevarim, three shorter more broken sounds, indicative to some of wailing; and the teruah, nine staccato sounds likened to the broken heart of the penitent. The largest of the shofarot are made in the Yemenite communities. On Rosh Hashanah it is customary to sound the shofar a minimum of one hun- dred times. The first sounding of the shofar is while the public is seated (tekiah meyushav), but the principal sounding of the shofar and the center of the Rosh Hashanah service is during the repetition of the prayer leader of the Amidah (Shmonah Esreh) of the Musaf or afternoon prayer. The congregation stands throughout the Musaf ser- vice, and at the end of the three major divisions of the service, Malchuyot (kingship of God), Zichronot (remem- brance of the merit of our ancestors), and Shofarot (hope for the coming of the Messiah), a series of thirty blasts is heard. At the end of each series there is a long and memorable blast of the horn, which is called the tekiah gedolah (the great blast). The baal tekiah, or person who blows the shofar, must be an especially righteous Jew, one who will petition for the whole community. A second baal tekiah is usually at hand since the physical act of blow- ing the shofar is so strenuous that often one person alone cannot manage the task. According to the great medieval Jewish thinker Saadia Gaon, the blowing of the shofar on Rosh Hashanah proclaims the sovereigty of God, reminding us of the cove- nant at Mount Sinai. D May the New Year Bring To All Our Friends and Family — Health, Joy, Prosperity and Everything Good in Life. EDWARD & SHIRLEY ROSENBERG May the coming May the coming year be filled year be filled with health and with health and happiness for happiness for all our family all our family and friends. and friends. DR. & MRS. ALEX S. FRIEDLAENDER & FAMILY EARL & ADELE FRIEDMAN 1111D11 illt13`2 1111'311 May the New Year Bring To All Our Friends and Family — Health, Joy, Prosperity and Everything Good in Life. JACK & MIRIAM SHENKMAN & FAMILY To All Our Relatives and Friends, Our wish for a year filled with happiness, health and prosperity. FRANKA & ALLEN CHARLUPSKI tialz 11c13`2 to all our friends and relatives. to all our friends and relatives. HOWARD & JUDI FRIEDMAN, LESLEE & LORI Scottsdale, Arizona THE FRIEDMANS ERWIN•BERTHA HAROLD•JANE•AYI & ELANA limn ran rum'? 1111DTI 111115 illt13`2 to all our friends and relatives. to all our friends and relatives. MAX & DEBORAH & LAURIE GUTHART BEN & PEARL GUYER Margate, Florida Best wishes for a happy, healthy New Year. Best wishes for a happy, healthy New Year. FERN & HERB BAKER MICHAEL, BARBARA, ROBIN & DEBBIE BERGER Best wishes for a happy, healthy New Year. Best wishes for a happy, healthy New Year. GIZELLA BAKER & FAMILY ERNIE, GLORIA & DEBRA BEREN A Very Happy and Healthy New Year to All Our Friends and Family. ALLAN & LORI BROOKS GARRETT AND ILANA A Very Happy and Healthy New Year to All Our Friends and Family. GAIL, ALLAN, HOWARD, MARK & STACEY COHEN We wish our family and friends a very healthy, happy and prosperous New Year ABE & CLARA FEINSTEIN We wish our family and friends a very healthy, happy and prosperous New Year BOB & JEANNETTE FELDMAN THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS 85