NEWS
I
Hebrew Binds
Continued from preceding page
Agency and the Ministry of
Education. The problem was
how to free new ohm with
academic backgrounds and
professional qualifications
(doctors, lawyers, engineers,
etc.) from the burden of mak-
ing a living during their in-
tensive period of Hebrew
studies. This problem was
solved when the ulpanim
began providing food and
lodging, combined with inten-
sive courses at different
levels, free of charge.
Classes were held daily, six
days a week 8 a.m. to 1 p.m.,
with special tutoring in the
afternoons and lectures in
easy Hebrew in the evening.
A year later, the ulpan
facilities were extended to all
new o/im. Thus the ulpan
became a meeting place for
the student from Peru and
railway official from Iraq, the
accountant from Hungary
and the engineer from
Algeria, the piano teacher
from the Argentine and the
doctor from -Great Britain.
Together they studied daily
and did their homework.
They exchanged past ex-
periences from their home
countries and found much in
common, disregarding that
which separated and accen-
tuating that which united
them.
At the schools, the children
were determined to erase all
traces of the language of the
countries of origin and adjust
themselves to the Israeli way
of life. To them, the Sabra
(Israeli-born) represented the
strength, pride and daredevil
mentality of Israeli youth.
The children went even so far
as to feel ashamed of speak-
ing their mother-tongue,
which was still spoken by
their parents, thus forcing the
parents to address them in
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FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1989
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BIRTH DEC FeTS FOUNDATION
I
Hebrew. Gradually Hebrew
became the binding language
to bridge the gap. Ephraim
Kishon, the world-famous
Israeli humorist, himself a
product of the ulpan, once
remarked that Israel was the
only country where parents
learned their mother-tongue
from their children.
The Israel Defense Forces
also played a decisive part in
the dissemination of Hebrew.
Some young new ohm who
came to Israel between 1947
and 1949 from refugee camps
in Europe and the British
detention camps in Cyprus
and were drafted into the ar-
my, were killed or wounded in
battle because of their lack of
understanding of Hebrew
commands and instructons.
This led to thte enforcement
by the army of the teaching of
Hebrew to all newly recruited
_ohm.
Some 200 teachers in the
army were detailed to teach
Hebrew full-time to groups of
up to 3,500 soldiers in various -
camps. The courses were con-
centrated over two to three
weeks and classes were also
held for field units, where en-
tire battalions were freed
from active maneuvers and
devoted six hours daily to the
study of the language,
without interruption, while
Israeli-born officers and
sergeants fed and waited on
them.
A people is a unit by virtue
of its common culture, history
and destiny, and the key to
one's heritage and creativity
is its national language. The
national and cultural rebirth
in the State of Israel has been
dominated by the Hebrew
language, which binds the
multitude of Jewish commu-
nities who return to Zion. ❑
World Zionist Press Service
Argentina To Extradite
Accused War Criminal
New York (JTA) — The
Argentine federal Court of
Appeals last week upheld the
extradition of accused Nazi
war criminal Josef
Schwammberger to West Ger-
many, which wants to try him
for crimes against humanity.
Schwammberger, who is
believed responsible for the
deaths of at least 5,000 Jews,
would be the first Nazi war
criminal to be extradited from
Argentina.
But he is expected to appeal
the decision in the Argentine
Supreme Court, which could
delay extradition four months
to two years.
In Bonn, West German
Justice Minister Hans
Engelhard welcomed the
Argentine court's decision.
He said West German pro-
secutors would seek the max-
imum sentence, life imprison-
ment.
Officials of American
Jewish groups, however, are
worried that such proceedings
may be a long time away. It
has been 16 years since West
Germany issued a warrant for
Schwammberger's arrest and
more than two years since the
former Austrian Nazi was ar-
rested by Argentine police.
"We are very concerned,"
said Rabbi Marvin Hier, dean
of the Simon Wiesenthal
Center. "Schwammberger
was apprehended in 1987. It
is now 1989, and he still has
not been brought to justice."