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12
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1988
achieve peace, and at a cost of
over 350 peace-keepers' lives,
the U.N.'s program was
awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize.
4) Efforts along these same
lines are on the verge of suc-
cess in finding a just and
peaceful solution to the crisis
in Namibia. That country
will soon achieve in-
dependence and Cuban and
South African troops will be
withdrawn.
5) Peace-keeping programs
are expensive, though not as
expensive as the use of com-
bat troops to achieve military
victory. These peace programs
have during the past year cost
$268 million. During most of
the Reagan administration,
the United States has not
been paying its full dues (the
arrears is almost $350
million), making token
payments, and late, each year.
President Reagan finally
reversed this position and has
promised to pay the large U.S.
debt.
6) Specialized agencies of
the U.N. are trying, albeit
with only limited success, to
ease the plight of close to 3
million refugees suffering
from the miseries brought on
by extreme drought and war-
fare. Their limitations stem
in large measure from the
brutalities of some of the
political regimes and the
great limitations on fund-
raising from the fact that
most governments, including
the United States, are unwill-
ing to allocate large enough
sums to meet the needs.
7) The U.N. is also attemp-
ting to meet the growing
crisis to human health and
survival from environmental
pollution. The United Na-
tions Environmental Pro-
gram tries to pool knowledge
and coordinate programs to
reduce the danger, but it is
daily reminded of the unwill-
ingness of so many govern-
ments whose leaders refuse to
take sufficiently firm action
against the major polluters
operating in their countries.
8) Finally, the U.N. has
been vigorously pressing its
members to show greater
fidelity in meeting the
charter's provisions on
human rights. Appreciation
of the importance of human
rights varies considerably
from country to country with
gross violations reportedly oc-
curring on most continents.
Numerous human rights
covenants have been written
at the U.N., and while many
governments have ratified
these, a number — including
the U.S. — have dragged their
feet. Our government, for ex-
ample, just ratified the
Genocide Convention 40
years after it was drafted.
Of the 159 members of the
U.N., Israel's birth is more
directly related to the
organization than any
other's. And until the Six-Day
War, its support within the
U.N. remained very high.
Erosion of support seems to
have emerged as a result of its
change of status at the end of
that war from "underdog" to
regional superpower. The
Arab states' ability to con-
vince many of the members
that Arab rights were being
ignored and that they were
the real "underdog"
diminished the size of Israel's
support group.
Furthermore, when Israeli
military forces struck at
camps and bases in Arab
states from which armed
The U.N. should be
entitled to hear
any speaker it
believes will help
the organization in
conducting its
business.
groups attacked Israeli
civilians, many U.N.
members defined Israel's acts
as a violation of the charter,
praticularly Article 2.4: "All
members shall refrain in
their international relations
from the threat or use of force
. . . against another state,"
but could find no parallel
restriction upon non-state
groups or actors. This typified
the reaction to the 1982 inva-
sion of Lebanon.
Criticisms of Israel's policy
toward Lebanon and the
areas occupied since the 1967
war, while still heard in the
General Assembly, have lost
some of their stridency and
have become more pro forma
in character.
The status of the Palestine
Liberation Organization as a
non-voting observer in the
General Assembly has wide
support and goes well beyond
the Arab states, or even the
Third World. The recent flap
over closing the PLO observer
mission to the U.N. entails
many complicating issues, in-
cluding the right of the
United States to close any
U.N. mission it might choose
in violation of the Head-
quarters Agreement the
United States signed with the
United Nations.
The Canadians reflected
the view of the 140 states that
voted against the United
States arguing that the U.N.
should be entitled to hear any
speaker it believes will help
the organization in conduc-
ting its business. The World
Court and a United States
federal district court opposed
the United States action as a
violation of the agreement.
The issue of the occupied