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Continued from Page 56

growth has not materialized,
the unions are growing rest-
less and Israelis are increas-
ingly angered and demoral-
ized by a health system whose
condition is described as
critical.
Third is the old secular-
religious debate, which has
been forced onto the back-
burner by the intifada, but
which continues to simmer
away just beneath the surface.
Clashes between religious
and secular Israelis have ac-
quired an ugly and bitter note
in recent years, with extrem-
ists on either side of the
divide regarding their vision
of Future Israel being under
imminent threat.
The fourth issue involves
ethnicity — a vital, highly
complex factor in a young
nation of new immigrants
from many lands.
Political analysts point out
that Israelis do not vote along
strictly ethnic lines, but they
do tend to vote for parties that
appear sensitive to their
ethnicity and interests, and
which takes pains to promote
ethnic politicians.
Polish-born Menachem
Begin gave Israel's Sephardi
population that sense of
power and belonging, and
they rewarded him with a
landslide victory in 1977.
By and large, the Sephar-
dim have remained faithful to
Likud. In the last election, for
example, Sephardi voters ac-
counted for two-thirds of the
Herut vote, while Ashkenazi
voters accounted for two-
thirds of the Labor vote.
With Sephardi voters now
in the majority (they are
estimated to constitute more
than 60 percent of the Jewish
population), all parties are
scrambling for their favor.
With an eye to all of these
factors, the two major blocs
Labor and Likud — have
made a major push to revamp
their images in order to woo
voters who might otherwise
be tempted by one or other of
the small parties massing on
their flanks.
Last month the Labor Par-
ty gave itself a facelift that
went beyond cosmetic tinker-
ing. Anxious to shed its image
of Ashkenazi elitism that
selected its parliamentary
candidates through backroom
deals and old-boy favoritism,
it threw open its selection pro-
cess to grassroots party
membership.
The much-touted "demo-
cratization" of the Labor Par-
ty resulted in both tragedy
and triumph. While the new
system opened the way for
fresh, new faces, it also saw
the demise of Israel's most il-
lustrious politician, Abba
Eban, whose stature as a

diplomat, statesman and in-
tellectual is unrivaled.
Eban had remained aloof
from mundane party politics
and never bothered to culti-
vate a power base. When the
selection process was thrown
open to the hoi-polloi, he paid
the political price. He quick-
ly — and tragically = fell by
the wayside.
But dismay at Eban's hu-
miliation at the hands of a
party he had served loyally
for four decades could not
destroy the sense of triumph
as young, new faces flooded
into the party's electoral list.
Some 25 per cent of Labor's
men and women are in their

"While I don't
know how we live
with what we've
got, we manage
somehow."

30s and 40s — precociously
young by Israeli standards.
Thirty per cent are Sephar-
dim. Many are from the devel-
opment towns and slum
quarters which, for decades,
have been bastions of support
for Likud.
Among the new faces are
Ephraim Gur, a 32-year-old
immigrant from Soviet
Georgia, and Yossi Beilin, a
close aide to Party leader
Shimon Peres and, until
recently, director-general of
the Foreign Ministry. Also on
the Labor list are religious
doves like (Ashkenazi)
Avraham Burg and (Sephar-
di) Eli Dayan who, it is hoped,
will attract moderate relig-
ious voters and dent the par-
ty's anti-religious, super-
secular image.

But if Labor smartened up
its act, so did Likud. The
Herut Party's internal elec-
tions were marred by bitter
factional battles between the
"camps" of David Levy, Ariel
Sharon and Moshe Arens,
each jockeying for position
with an eye to succeeding Yit-
zhak Shamir when he finally
steps down as the Likud
leader.
When the dust had settled,
however, the party found
itself in possession of two glit-
tering prizes — and undeni-
able electoral assets: Benny
Begin, son of Menachem, and
Binyamin ("Bibi") Netan-
yahu, brother of Yoni, hero of
the 1976 Entebbe rescue mis-
sion and, until recently,
Israel's ambassador to the
U.N.
Both major parties will be
hoping that their bright
young men (Likud has no
women or Arabs on its list)
will can play a major role in