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Israel Salanter, founder of the Musar movement, was a man of vast ethical concern, and also fastidiously ob- servant. Yet he cautioned against the shokling (or sway- ing) of davening, of intense prayer. "When you are so in- tense and praying with such avidity, make sure you do not trample the foot of your neighbor. Make sure that when you whip the tallit around your shoulders, you do not slap the face of your neighbor with its fringes." If study and prayer are means, what are the ends? Ritual What of kashrut, ritual ob- servance in general? Who can deny these? Yet a penetrating midrash asks: "What dif- ference does it make to God whether you kill the animal by the throat or by the nape of the neck? Is God helped by the one way, or frustrated by the other? Rather, the func- tion of the mitzvot is to sen- sitize the character of the human being." Ritual is a crucial means, but to take means for the end is to flirt with idolatry. Salanter said it well. Citing the law that prohibits eating an egg in which a speck of blood is found, he said, "And if you take money in which there is blood, the blood of ex- ploitation, do you think it is kosher?" He cautioned, "It is prohibited to swallow an in- sect alive. And if you eat up another human being with your eyes, in envy, in jealousy, in corruption, do you think that is not tref?" Before reciting the motzi, others would take a large pitcher of water and pour its contents over their hands up to the wrists. But Israel Sal- anter would take only a few drops of water and cover the tips of his fingers. Asked why he was so sparing, he an- swered, "Observe that maid- servant. She carries a yoke with two large pails of water on her shoulders. I don't want to earn mitzvot on her shoulders." The Soul Tradition suggests that Jewish ends aim at the culti- vation of the yiddishe nesho- mo, the untranslatable term akin to soul and the traits attached to it: rachmanut, erlichkeit, edelkeit; sensi- tivity, dignity, care, compas- sion. It is not that prayer or study or ritual are not sacred. But without neshomo, study becomes exhibitionism. With- out neshomo, rituals become dead wood. What good is it to kindle the Sabbath lights when the lights are extin- guished with the breath of quarrelsomeness in our homes? What good is the chanting of the text, when we shout at each other? Children given all their material wants still speak of their pain and their sadness at such sounds. What meaning the sweet- ness of the kiddush wine when the table talk sours it with bitter accusation and fault-finding? What good the soft challah when conversa- tion has become hard and judgmental? What good the Grace after Meals when rela- tionships are so graceless at our tables? The wisdom of Proverbs in- structs: "Better a dry morsel and quiet therewith than a house that is full of meat and sacrifices with strife." If there is no love, the house can be technically kosher, but spiritually tref. Gemilut Chassadim Do we conclude from all this that it is not too important to study or to pray or to practice "Make sure when you whip the tallit around your shoulders, you do not slap the face of your neighbor." ritual or to go to shul? Quite the contrary. Once you understand and feel the moral purpose of being, the religious activities take on new meaning. We pray, but differently, we keep kosher but differently, we come to the synagogue, but differently. We recite the blessings with a different comprehension: "Blessed art thou 0 Lord our God who has commanded us by Thy commandments and has made us sanctified." Within us are sanctifying powers and therein lies our identity and our human career, our purpose. We who are hallowed can hallow.- We who can be moved to tears, can transform the bitterness of others and discover our real place in the universe. Greater than tzedakah (charity) is gemilut chassadim, our acts of love. Gemilut chassadim means clothing the naked, visiting the sick, comforting the be- reaved, burying the dead, making records for the blind, settling the stranger in our midst, writing a letter to a Russian family. These acts