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American blacks watch- ed the development of the Jewish dilemma with a great deal of their own con- cern, a concern that, as in previous times, the plight of the black man and woman in America would be ignored while the plight of a non-American group thousands of miles from American shores would be the focus of government and public attention. American blacks, compar- ing persecution in Ger- many and the United States, argued that what was happening under the Nazis "has shamed America before the world for a much longer time than persecution under Adolf Hitler?' Then came the period of crisis, the march for freedom in Mississippi in 1964 when Andrew Goodman, James Earl Chaney and Michael Henry Schwerner, were beaten to death by white ex- tremist. Rabbi Arthur Lleyveld of Cleveland was badly beaten by white ex- tremists in Hattiesburg, Miss., also in 1964. This period represents an important portion of the blacks and Jews exhibit. The Holocaust and the rebirth of the State of Israel have notable importance here. It was also the time when Jews marched in Wash- ington in the Freedom March of the summer of 1963. Jews thrilled with their black fellow citizens to the oratory of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. King supported Jewish aspirations in Israel. In an ad- dress to the American Jewish Congress in 1968, Dr. King is quoted in "Blacks and Jews:" "My people were brought to America in chains. Your people were driven here to escape the chains fashion- ed for them in Europe. Our unity is born of our com- mon struggle for centuries, not only to rid ourselves of bondage, but to make op- pression of any people by others an impossibility." Tensions ruled intermit- tently and the appeals to reason did not always result in cementing friendships. Good will was as difficult to attain with Jews as with all whites. Yet there was a liberal ele- ment that recognized the ex- tremisms among Jews, even in matters that evoked differ- ing views, such as over affir- mative action. There was cause for regret when the Holocaust was treated with rebukes over some failures to acknowledge the recurrence of racism. The saddening aspects and the search for the positive evoked definitive comments. In some of the more recent experiences, Dr. Peck was in- duced editorially to comment: Various polls in the 1980s have shown that blacks "appear to be the least aware and least sym- pathetic to the suffering and persecutions of Jews through the centuries. Jews are no longer today in the vanguard of non- black people pressing for integration and progress for blacks." But if the political winds that are blowing through the America of the 1980s are to be taken seriously, new forms of extremism and oppression, hostile to both blacks and Jews, are beginning to build... For blacks and Jews, the issues are clear. The March for Freedom must become the March for Survival. The fact-compiled catalog is filled with the dramatic ex- periences in this country. It is a volume of national interest, with specialization on the Jewish angles in a highly- dynamited situation. Dr. Peck performed ad- mirably in his research assemmling of facts. Nothing is hidden. The aroused con- cern over some of the continu- ing devleopments is idyllic. The recent occurrences ac- counted for here, such as the roles of black leaders like Jesse Jackson and Louis Farakan, emphasize adherence to experiences up- dated. His Blacks and Jews is a compelling document. It is a chapter of great important in American history, the black people and the American Jewish community. The great task undertaken for enlightenment in ques- tions affecting blacks and Jews will continue as an ex- hibit at the American Jewish Archives of Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, on Clifton Avenue in Cincinnati until Septem- ber. It will be an immense contribution when the exhibi- tion's assembled facts are made available to all com- munities in the land for an ac- quisition of knowledge about many conflicts and serious issues in American life. Then, hopefully, there will be a continuity of efforts and aims to carry on the dialogues for better relations, to cement friendships and cooperation. That's the way of assuring good citizenship without ran- cor or malice.