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SCHUBOT jewellers 66 gemologists . 3001 West Big Beaver Road • Suite 112 • Troy, Michigan 48084 • (313) 649-1122 Registered Jeweler FRIDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1987 • American Gem Society I ANALYSIS New Soviet Jewry Tactics May Be Needed DAVID TWERSKY N ew York — The Dec. 6 demonstration for So- viet Jewish rights in Washington — one day before Soviet leader Mikhail Gor- bachev was to begin his sum- mit with Ronald Reagan — has side-stepped questions raised by both the steady pace of change in. Soviet policy on matters of Jewish concern and the new more accom- modating mood in Washing- ton on arms control. These questions center on Gorbachev's sincerity in pro- posing economic reform, democratization and open- ness; on his ability to over- come his bureaucracy; on whether his program will last; and on its relevance to Soviet Jews. The answers to these questions will shape the long-term goals and short- term tactics of the Soviet Jewry movement. The new atmosphere has already helped introduce a new, if hesitant, complexity into the American Jewish position and may create strains in the broad-based coalition of support in evidence in Washington. Over the past year, the Soviet authorities have broad- cast contradictory signals on the Jewish question based in equal measure on fresh departures and stale continuity. On the positive side, the Soviets have released all prisoners of Zion and granted exit visas to some of the most well-known refuseniks — many of whom are now on the road warning Americans against "falling" for what they characterize as merely a Soviet public relations cam- paign. Nevertheless, emigra- tion for 1987 is up, and should exceed the level of the preceding three years by 500 percent. The Kremlin has also taken the starch out of its position on Jewish life within the Soviet Union, exhibiting a new flexibility on such mat- ters as the opening of a kosher take-out restaurant, the training of new rabbis and the study of Hebrew. Finally, by accepting the in- clusion of human rights on the summit agenda, Moscow agreed to enshrine the ques- tion of Jewish emigration from the Soviet Union as a legitimate matter for interna- tional attention and negotia- tion. This marks a significant change from the Kremlin's traditionally defensive reac- tion to any criticism. On the other hand, there is evidence of change-for-the- worse in Soviet policy. Despite the much-publicized release of refuseniks, new regulations in effect since last January reaffirm the indiscriminately applied "national security" grounds for refusing a visa re- quest, and further limit emigration by narrowing the application of the convention on family reunification to first-degree relation invita- tions only. Not surprisingly, emigra- tion is still significantly below the 50,000 per year allowed out during the il- liberal Brezhnev era. These moves underscore concern that Moscow is at- tempting to get the issue off the agenda "on the cheap" by releasing 10,000 to 30,000 refuseniks whose visa re- Overemphasis on the role of ideas can blind one to an opportunity for compromise. quests are pending, with the expectation that Washington will then tire of the issue. The issue is of necessity linked to the larger and equally fluid context of Soviet-American relations. Observers have been debating the nature of the changes in the Soviet Union and the ap- propriate U.S. response. Precisely because the cause of Soviet Jewry has received such widespread support within the American political community, these questions will demand the close atten- tion of Jewish policymakers. Within the Jewish com- munity, the debate has been limited to the narrower ques- tion of the extent to which progress in arms control should be linked to an in- crease in the number of Jews allowed to emigrate. Calls from the small but vocal left to decouple emigra- tion and arms control have found powerful echoes in the general political culture that favors a U.S.-Soviet accord. With celebrated refuseniks now free to live in Israel, and concrete steps to cut back nuclear weapons at stake, erstwhile allies might balk at a Jewish policy that refuses to call off — or at least, scale Continued on Page 76