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FRIDAY, NOV. 20, 1987

Shin Bet

354-4560

ciples on which such states
are founded;
• Strictly defining the
limits of such measures
without inhibiting the effec-
tiveness of the intelligence
services.
Thus, while the Israeli corn-
mission categorically banned
perjury by intelligence agents
when giving evidence in
court, it did leave open the
door for certain unorthodox
practices, including physical
force, during an
interrogation.
"It might seem repugnant
to use violence to extract in-
formation from a suspect,"
said one Israeli commentator,
"but when you're pretty cer-
tain a bomb is about to go off
in the center of town, you
don't threaten to withhold his
morning cup of coffee."
Interrogators' primary tool,
said the Landau report,
should be non-violent psycho-
logical pressure "via a
vigorous and lengthy inter-
rogation using various
stratagems, including acts of
deception."
But if this fails, using "a
moderate measure of physical
pressure is not to be avoided."
Although the commission-
ers defined the limits of such
force, their "guidelines" are
in a secret annex to the main
report.
The report has even been
welcomed by the Shin Bet,
which is relieved by the
recommendation that "a line
be drawn" over the past and
that none of its agents be pro-
secuted for breaking the law.
The report has also been
widely welcomed by ordinary
Israelis, who have been strug-
gling to reconcile two power-
ful, conflicting reactions.
Nevertheless, some of the
commission's findings — that
Israeli political leaders and
judiciary were ignorant of the
Shin Bet's methods and that
the agency's agents commit-
ted perjury for the past 16
years — were greeted with
open disbelief and sometimes
derision.
"How is it possible that for
16 years, not a single judge,
prosecutor or attorney
general was aware of the
systematic deception that was
not such a well-kept secret?"
asked Yoel Marcus, a leading
Israeli columnist, in the dai-
ly newspaper, Ha'aretz. "And
why was the political echelon
freed of blame? It is wor-
risome, very worrisome."
The 1967 Six Day War is
regarded as a watershed year
for the Shin Bet. Before that,
the service was a small,
highly-motivated group of
men and women drawn from
Israel's elite. It was controlled
— more or less informally —

by the country's political
leaders, who had all grown up
together, served in the army
together and knew each other
well. The system worked.
But 20 years of Israeli oc-
cupation of the West Bank
and Gaza has caused the Shin
Bet to balloon in size. Accord-
ing to sources, many of its
new recruits have conformed
to neither the agency's once
lofty standards nor to the
ideas and methods of the rul-
ing elite.
"The service," said the
source, "is ripe for an
overhaul."
The great danger for Israel
is that the Shin Bet may find
that old habits die hard. If so,
it is likely to accelerate a
growing impatience with
democratic principles that
has become evident among
certain sections of Israeli
society.
According to Ze'ev Schiff, a
senior Israeli military
analyst, powerful forces are
striving to change Israel's
democratic character,
"whether openly and inten-
tionally or out of weakness
and under the guise of securi-
ty imperatives?'
"Representatives of this
trend will make an effort to
gain a foothold in Israel's
security services — and
perhaps even take control of
them in the future."

NEWS

Farrakhan
Denies
Anti-Semitism

Syracuse, N.Y. (JTA) — With
500 protestors clamoring out-
side, including an uninvited
Jewish Defense Organization
(JDO), Nation of Islam leader
Louis Farrakhan denied he
was anti-Semitic and preach-
ed his message of black racial
pride and economic self-deter-
mination here last week.
The protestors — singing,
chanting and waving signs —
congregated opposite the
Syracuse University Schine
Student Center, where Far-
rakhan spoke to more than
1,700 people. The protesters
argued volubly with sup-
porters of Farrakhan, but no
violence broke out.
Earlier in the day, the
Syracuse Area Interreligious
Council (SAIC) held a demon-
stration on the steps of the
university chapel. SAIC
members, university chap-
lains, local rabbis and profes-
sional and volunteer leaders
of the Syracuse Jewish
Federation gathered to affirm
brotherhood. But area black
religious leaders were
noticeably absent.