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A prayerbook open at the Yizkor prayer and memorial candle. The service

expresses the hope that the departed souls will enjoy eternal life.

Yizkor Reminds Us
Of Those We Have Lost

DVORA WAYSMAN

T

he Day of Atonement
is the most awesome
of the Hebrew calen-
dar. From sunset to sunset
Jews pray and abstain from
food and drink, until the blast
of the shofar, the ram's horn,
announces that the Scrolls
have been shut for another
year. By then it will have
been decided who will live
and who will die, who will
wax rich and who will be poor,
who will rise in the world and
who will be brought low, who
will live in peace and who
will not.
There are many impressive
prayers included in the Yom
Kippur ritual, but there is
one that is unique. About
halfway through the morning
service, after the reading of
the law, you will notice that
the synagogue is suddenly
filled to capacity. Suddenly,
not only is every seat filled,
but peple are standing in
every space at the back and
between the aisles, as with a
single thump on the bimah a
voice announces one word:

Yizkor.

The sound of weeping can
be heard from some parts of
the synagogue and people
rock back and forth intoning
the Yizkor prayer in memory
of close relatives who are no
longer with them. The prayer
book calls this the "Memorial
of the Departed," but the
literal translation of Yizkor is
"He shall remember?' This
special prayer is said on only
three other occasions during
the year. Shemini Atzeret (the
last day of Succot), the last
day of Passover and on
Shavuot.
Excessive mourning is not
part of the Jewish tradition,

which is perhaps why the
Yizkor prayer is said rarely. It
is written in Jeremiah 22:10:
"Weep ye not in excess for the
dead, neither bemoan them?'
But on Yom Kippur it is per-
mitted to give vent to one's
true feelings of despair and
loss as one recalls beloved
parents, brothers and sisters,
children, husbands or wives,
who once added a dimension
of joy to our lives but are no
longer with us.

It is believed that the
custom of Yizkor dates back
to the Hasmonean wars (165
BCE) when Judah the Mac-
cabee and his men prayed for
the souls of their fallen com-
rades and brought offerings to
the Temple in Jerusalem as
atonement for the sins of the
dead (11 Mace. 22:39-45).
Today it has become a
custom to donate to charity
on behalf of loved ones so that
their souls may enjoy eternal
life. Historically, Yizkor gain-
ed in significance through the
Crusades and severe persecu-
tions that took place in
Eastern Europe during the
17th Century when
thousands of Jews died as
martyrs. They were all in-
scribed in the death rolls
(yizkor-bukh) of their com-
munities and commemorated
in memorial prayers on the
four annual occasions to
which we still adhere today.
In time, the death rolls in-
cluded not only the names of
martyrs, but other members
of the community and the
custom of Yizkor evolved.
The prayer is not heartren-
ding, but serves to remind us
of how short a time we are on
earth. Before we ask for
remembrance of the souls of
loved ones, we recite the
words:

