I ANALYSIS
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Battle For Souls
Continued from Page 18
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rather than obey a High Court
ruling to register an American
Reform convert, Shoshana
Miller, as a Jew.
The controversy, quickly
dubbed the "Shoshana Miller
Affair," became a symbol of
that long and intractable
dispute known to Israelis as
the "War of the Jews."
At its most fundamental
level, the "war" is over the
essential nature of the State of
Israel: whether it is to be guid-
ed, to a greater or lesser extent,
by Halacha or whether it is to
be a largely secular state, where
synagogue and state are
separate.
In an attempt to find a way
out of the acrimonious confron-
tation between the Orthodox
and the non-Orthodox move-
ments, the Israeli cabinet
established a seven-man
ministerial committee, headed
by Prime Minister Shamir, to
study the problem posed by
non-Orthodox converts.
One solution that the com-
mittee will no doubt investigate
is a proposal by Religious Af-
fairs Minister Zevulun Ham-
mer to establish joint rab-
binical courts abroad which
would be constituted by Or-
thodox, Reform and Conser-
vative rabbis.
Hammer, who heads the
modern Orthodox National
Religious Party, envisages
"halachically-oriented" courts
whose members would be
"widely accepted" by all
streams of Judaism.
Such courts would insure
that conversions performed
abroad fulfill the requirements
of Halacha and would endorse
the conversions of those
wishing to emigrate to Israel.
The proposal, however, has
received only the most luke-
warm response from the Or-
thodox establishment, and
Hammer himself is doubtful
that any compromise can be
reached with the Reform move-
ment as long as it rejects
Halacha and clings to its con-
cept of "patrilineal descent" (by
which the children of a Jewish
father are considered Jewish,
even if the mother is not).
If Hammer's proposals are
adopted, it would likely lead to
a rupture between his National
Religious Party and the two
ultra-religious parties, Shas ,
and its Ashkenazi counterpart,
Agudat Yisrael.
Such a development worries
many modern Orthodox Is-
raelis who are already con-
cerned about the burgeoning
strength of the ultra-Orthodox
camp, which has seized the
spiritual high ground and
which is now draining support
away from the moderate Na-
tional Religious Party.
The cold, hard fact of life in
Israel today is that the Battle
for Souls is not being fought
between Orthodox and non-
Orthodox religious groups, but
rather between the modern Or-
thodox and the ultra-Orthodox.
The Conservative and
Reform movements are barely
footnotes in the skirmish. They
have failed to establish
themselves in the hearts and
minds of Israelis, and there is
little appreciation or sympathy
for the battle they are waging.
The ongoing struggle for
recognition by the non-
Halachic movements does not
really touch the vast mass of
ordinary Israelis, who perceive
the Reform and Conservative
organizations as American im-
ports which are essentially ir-
relevant to their own lives.
I NEWS I IIMIN=1==
Canada
Continued from Page 1
Canadian Jewish Congress
past president Milton Harris
said the Rodal report offers fur-
ther evidence that Nazi war
criminals were admitted into
Canada and was not an exag-
geration of the Jewish lobby.
The Canadian government
released The Deschenes Com-
mission report in March, based
on research led by former
Quebec Superior Court Justice
Jules Deschenes. Legislation to
permit the prosecution of war
criminals is still pending in
Canada. But despite the
Deschenes Commission's
recommendation that the
Rodal report be published
uncensored, the government
allowed the publication only of
a heavily censored version.
In the report, Rodal charged
that in the early 1950's, U.S. in-
telligence operatives supplied
misleading information to
Canadian authorities and aided
East Europeans with false
identities to immigrate to
Canada.
Similarly, a U.S. Justice
Department report in 1983 con-
cluded that U.S. intelligence of-
ficers helped known Nazi war
criminals secure new identities
and immigrate safely to South
America and other countries.
A newspaper article on the
censored section of the report
included details about two
former Canadian Prime Mini-
sters' roles in protecting Nazi
war criminals in Canada.
Former Prime Minister Louis
St. Laurent reportedly agreed
to admit a Czechoslovakian
Nazi collaborator, Karol Sidor,
to settle in Canada in 1949
upon a direct request from
Pope Pius XII. Sidor, who com-
manded the Slovakian storm-
trooper unit, the Hlinka Guard,
served as the Nazi-occupied
Slovakia representative to the
Vatican.
Rodal also said St. Laurent
personally contacted Nazi col-
laborators from Vichy France
who settled in Quebec after
French courts convicted them
in absentia of war crimes.