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In the case of legislation involving Israel, the route to a final bill is often more like a maze. A case in point has been the recent debate over Israeli participation in research for President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a controversy that has kept various pro-Israel lobbyists on the move in recent days. According to Congressional sources, lobbyists for the Jerusalem government have been waging a ferocious bat- tle in the backrooms of the Capitol for a piece of the huge SDI research pie. While the issue is far from settled, there are indications that the fight will be a difficult one. And a recent story in the Washington Times accusing pro-Israel lobbying groups of "miscalculating" Congres- sional sentiment on the issue has left thosegroups deeply concerned that premature public discussion of the sen- sitive issue may jeopardize Israel's chances. The problem, according to one source, is "lousy timing." On one hand, technical ex- perts agree that Israel al- ready has the technological expertise to make them a logical choice for advanced anti-missile research. At the -same time, pro- ponents of Israeli participa- tion are running up against growing sentiment on the Hill to keep research and develop- ment money in the United States. There is also deep con- cern that anti-missile re- search among America's al- lies might complicate U.S, Soviet arms reductions talks. This concern will likely grow as negotiators focus on the question of short and medium range weapons in Europa Finally, there is the widespread public and con- gressional opposition to the entire SDI concept, a senti- ment that has placed even some of Israel's staunchest backers at loggersheads with the Jerusalem government. According to some reports, a key factor in the Senate Armed Services Committee's initial rejection of an amend- ment guaranteeing funding for Israeli anti-missile pro- jects was the opposition of Sen. Levin: opposes the Administration's ABM policy. Sen. Carl Levin (D-Mich.) who is opposed to the Reagan Ad- ministration's "broad" inter- pretation of the 1972 Anti- Ballistic Missile Treaty. For Israel, lobbyists argue, the stakes in the SDI fight are high. Soviet-made SS-21s now in place in Syria are capable of delivering conven- tional, nuclear or chemical weapons up to eighty miles. SDI research contracts could be an important factor in quickly developing the tech- nologies to defend against these and future generations of short-range missiles. Israel is not alone in its unhappiness over the way SDI contracts are being parceled out. Britain, Ger- many and Italy, which along with Israel signed an agree- ment to participate in SDI development, have all quietly expressed dissatisfaction at the amount of SDI money sent their way and at the strings attached to the contracts. Israel is not being singled out, sources say. The fact is, SDI is an enormously con- troversial project with enough arms-control implica- tions to keep the issue bounc- ing back and forth on the Hill for many months to coma Concern About Foreign Aid Cuts Conflicting stories continue to surface about sweeping foreign aid cuts that could jeopardize the special status that Israel and several other countries now enjoy. While the budgets that will event- ually emerge from the Capitol are far from set, a proposal made in the House Foreign Affairs Committee during re- cent markup sessions for the foreign aid bill have given pro- Israeli groups a serious case of the jitters. The proposal, made by Rep. Lee Hamilton, would man- date a 4.5 percent across-the- board reduction in foreign aid for the next fiscal year, with no nations protected from the cuts. Although the proposal was quickly withdrawn, concern among Israel's backers on the Hill lingers. Hamilton's pro- posal, which insiders say was a test balloon, would bypass the special protections erected by the 12-year-old policy of "earmarking" for- eign aid funds for certain friendly countries. Represent- atives of Jewish political groups involved in the discus- sion accept the need for substantial cuts to meet new budget guidelines, but worry that the discussions are moving in the direction of questioning the policy of ear- marking itself. And they are concerned that such cuts might be viewed as a precedent. "Where Israel is concerned," one source close to thediscus- sion said, "everything is a precedent." Setback For Rumania In a move that caught con- gressional observers by sur- prise, the House last week voted to repeal Most Favored Nation status for Rumania for six months. The amend- ment to the huge trade bill was introduced by Congress- man Frank Wolf of Virginia, who argued that it was necessary to "send a mes- sage" to the Rumanian gov- ernment about the repression of minorities and the dwin- dling tide of emigration from that country. And, in a curious attempt to tie the measure into cur- rent concerns about the trade deficit, Rep. Wolf argued that Rumania's small trade sur- plus with the United States justified their removal from the list of favored nations. Most Jewish groups have supported MFN status for Rumania, on the theory that trade concessions might in- duce that country to improve its human rights stance. Human rights grOups gen- erally rank the Rumanian government's treatment of Jews as better than that of most other Soviet bloc nations. However, other knowledgeable sources see