35 cedures which cancel out the differences between boarding schools and regular schools." He also accused the youth village of "voluntarily surrendering [its] potential influence over the youngsters" by allowing them too much contact with the outside world and by taking in too many non- residential pupils from the surrounding area, largely out of economic necessity. Gottesman understandably comes out strongly for a "return to the faith" of Zionist idealism and for restoring the unique role of the youth village in in- culcating these values. He articulates the choices facing these schools quite clearly: either they return to their original sense of mission, or they will lose the justifica- tion for their separate — and costly — ex- istence. He argues that if the schools limit their goals simply to improving educa- tional achievements, as they have tended to do in recent years, then the expense en- tailed in maintaining them would not be justified for the vast majority of pupils now there. This group includes youngsters "from secure homes, those whose [educa- tional achievements are average or above], most pupils in the Association for Educa- tional Advancement schools [run by the Education Ministry], the majority of yeshiva high school students, and perhaps many of those studying at ultra-Orthodox yeshivas too." Many of the advocates of a significant role for Youth Aliya in the education of disadvantaged youth have tended to point to the lack of viable alternatives for keep- ing them in their local schools and improv- ing their achievements, or of ways to in- troduce more positive influences in general to their home and neighborhood life. This may have been an accurate reading of Israel's education and welfare situation in the early 1970s when Youth Aliya received its mandate to expand its services for Israeli-born youth, but it is now out of date. The government's senior social welfare expert, Dr. Yitzhak Brick of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, explained that in the last five years his ministry has begun to develop a wide range of services within the community for children of prob- lem families, with the aim of cutting back on the number of children sent to institu- tions. Effective community-based solu- Flow Of Campaign Funds Keren Hayesod Appeals (Not USA) United Jewish Appeal ORT L, NYANA United Israel Appeal, Inc. —1 JDC HIAS Jewish Agency for Israel World Zionist Organization JDC HIAS NYANA ORT Mutual Officers: Chairman, Director General, Board Members, Treasurer, Comptroller Rural Settlement Immigration and Absorption Education Higher Education Finance Dept. Youth Aliyah tions are now available, he said, which are better for the children and much cheaper than boarding schools. This is a trend, he noted, that has marked welfare services throughout the western world in the last decade or so. Brick, the director of personal and family services in the ministry, re- ceived his PhD. at the Heller School of Social Welfare at Brandeis University. Brick was one of the officials cited above who had no idea how Youth Aliya deter- mines the number of places needed in boarding schools for disadvantaged youth. He recalled that attempts in recent years to coordinate policies on residential educa- tion with Youth Aliya and the Education Ministry had failed, and hoped that this could be achieved in the future. The ministry's policies and procedures for dealing with "children at risk" from problem families were explained by Elisheva Shalev, a senior official in Brick's division. She said that in the past, social workers or distraught parents tended to favor the easy solution of sending children to boarding schools. Now, she said, the ministry and the municipal welfare depart- ments try more to work with problem fam- ilies to improve their situation and keep the children at home. Since social work techniques for helping problem families have improved in recent years, along with the know-how required to run effective facilities in the community for children at risk, the ministry favors board- ing school solutions only as a last resort. Shalev cited this as a major difference in approaches between the ministry and Youth Aliya, which is ideologically commit- ted to residential education as the best solution in most circumstances. She added that some parents who are looking for short-cut solutions to their problems by sending a child away also try to avoid the difficult and. often painful pro- cess of self-rehabilitation favored today by social workers. Families do this by apply- ing directly to Youth Aliya, which under present arrangements is not required to coordinate its placeinent work with local welfare offices. Shalev stressed that Youth Aliya is not equipped to rehabilitate prob- lem families, either as an alternative to sen- ding a child to a boarding school or as a Project Renewal Finance Dept. Organization Dept. Information Dept. American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society New York Association for New Immigrants Organization for Rehabilitation through Training External Relations Dept. Youth and Hehalutz Dept. Education in Diaspora 'Ibrah Education in Diaspora Sephardi Communities Dept. Devel. and Services Dept. Part One