28 Friday, February 7, 1986
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
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PURELY COMMENTARY
Two Notables
Continued from preceding page
death, Niebuhr's name was
dropped from the masthead of
Christianity and Crisis, the
magazine he had been associ-
ated with for many years, at the
insistence of his widow Ursulla.
Her son Christopher joined her
in that demand as a protest
against the journal's alleged
anti-Israeli policies.
Niebuhr was an activist in ef-
forts to rescue Jews from the
Nazi horrors. He went so far as
to advocate an open door immi-
gration policy to enable escapees
from the terror to immigrate to
the U.S. His tasks in that re-
gard are *thus related by Fox:
He also labored to goad the
Roosevelt administration in
1943 to allow more European
Jews to emigrate to the
United States. While his
friend Rabbi Stephen Wise
struggled to make Americans
comprehend the reality of
mass murder, Niebuhr
gathered the signatures of
"fifty prominent persons" on
an "Open Letter" from the
UDA to the President and
secretary of state. The letter
did not mention the death
camps themselves or call for
American military action to
save the Jews in Germany or
Poland. It stuck to the more
modest — and politically ob-
tainable — goal of increasing
European immigration totals.
"In view of Hitler's campaign
of extermination against the
Jews,"it read,
"We believe that the United
States ought to follow a more
liberal immigration policy
within the limits of the pre-
sent law. There are many
Jews and other anti-Nazis in
Spain, North Africa, Por-
tugal, whose country of ori-
gin is some Axis or occupied
nation and who are eligible
under the respective quotas.
Some Axis partners, such as
Roumania and Hungary, con-
tain many racial and other
anti-Nazis who could come to
us via Turkey. Since practi-
cally empty ships are coming
back from North Africa,
Spain--and the Near East,
transportation offers no diffi-
culties for a more generous
immigration policy."
The Roosevelt administra-
tion did make a gesture in
the direction of a more
generous policy a few months
later when it created the War
Refugee Board. But the
President did little to em-
power it. Niebuhr continued
to toil oh this issue — he and
columnist Dorothy Thompson
were two major exceptions to
the rule of studied apathy
among American intellectuals
about the plight of the Jews.
And he slogged on for the
UDA on one issue after an-
other. Bruce Bliven, editor of
the New Republic and active
in the UDA during the war,
remembered his work a
quarter-century later. "I re-
call at meeting after meeting
seeing Reinhold looking as
tired as I felt, but struggling
on, like a man walking in
thick sand."
As if his labors for the UDA
and Christianity and Crisis
were not enough to over-
whelm him, he also took
charge of the American
Friends of German Freedom.
It had begun informally in
the late 1830s when Niebuhr
undertook fund-raising for
exiled German Socialist Karl
Frank (alias Paul Hagen),
founder of the Neue Begin-
nen left-wing Socialists after
Hitler's destruction of the So-
cial Democrats.
In the years of Zionist strug-
gles for Jewish statehood,
Niebuhr was among the severest
critics of British obstructions.
He made an appearance at the
hearings that were conducted in
Washington in mid-January
1946 by the Anglo-American
Committee of Inquiry on Pales-
tine and his statement was
commended as the most bril-
liant. Referring to .that statemtn
by Niebuhr and the impressions '.
it made, Fox reports in the biog-
raphy:
His statement in vigorous
support of "a Palestinian
state with a Jewish majority"
and against a "binational
state" was a brilliant exposi-
tion of Zionist theory, in the
view of' one committee
member, Labour Membero of
Parliament R.H.S. Crossman.
A Zionist lawyer called the
statement "the finest pre-
sentation of the Zionist case I
have ever heard," and told
Wise that Nieburh's "closing
of the case made all the dif-
ference in the world and may
fundamentally affect the de-
cision."
In April the committee
recommended that 100,000
refugees be admitted to
Palestine immediately, but it
rejected Niebuhr's notion of a
Palestinian-Jewish state. Like
the British government it was
unwilling to choose between
Jews and Arabs and there-
fore made no choice at all.
Unavoidable in a discussion of
the life of Reinhold Niebuhr is
his strong support of organized
labor. This is especially interest-
ing at this time, as labor unions
in many areas are literally
fighting for their lives, and as
the American Federation of
Labor recalls its founding by
Samuel Gompers in 1886.
Niebuhr's biographer calls at-
tention to the AFL convention
held in Detroit in 1926. Five
liberal Detroit ministers agreed
to invite "labor speakers" to oc-
cupy their pulpits during the
convention. The YMCA offered
AFL President William Green
its Sunday afternoon forum plat-
form.
Thereupon, to quote Fox:
But Detroit's vociferously
Board of Com-
op
open-sh
met a!, went
: quickly to work.
Wealthy manufacturers
threaten d to withdraw from
the YMCA'S building pro-
gram (to which Ford alone
had pledged $1.5 million), and
businessmen paid courtesy
calls on their own pastors.
The YMCA abruptlY canceled
.
Continued on Page 30
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