46

Friday, March 29, 1985

THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS

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BY VICTOR M. BIENSTOCK

Special to The Jewish News

As Ronald Reagan begins his
ner there "after having been
second term in the presidency,
defeated by Israeli forces on the
there is every indication, say
battlefield. The losers are Israel,
two outstanding American for-
the United States and serious
eign affairs specialists, that his
hopes for diplomatic progress."
diplomatic position in the Mid-
This outcome seemed almost
dle East "is in a shambles." A
foreordained, the critics assert,
third expert finds damage to
"by an administration that
American credibility in the area
never appeared to know what it
in 1984 so serious as to imply a
wanted in the Middle East - or
"reduction of assumed U.S. ca-
at least how to get it." They cite
pacity to control events there."
the gyrations in American poli-
A fourth student of the Mid-
cy and charge that "there is
dle East concludes that 1984
witnessed a remarkable series of
developments in the area which
could lead to polarization or
Reagan's decision to
development, dependent on the
withdraw the
skill of the players in the Mid-
dle East, Moscow and Washing-
Marines resulted in a
ton, and which "will decisively
shape the Middle Eastern con-
re-alignment of
stellation for years to come." He
concludes, however, that "there power favoring
is little doubt that the United
Syria.
States will once again be need-
ed in a mediating and encourag-
ing role."
These appraisals appear in ar-
every indication now that Mr.
ticles in the annual review of Reagan's diplomatic position in
American foreign policy, "Am-
the region is in a shambles."
erica and the World, 1984," pub-
While the Administration
lished by Foreign Affairs, the
busied itself with new strategic
quarterly journal of the Council
conceptions and the Reagan
on Foreign Relations, the core of Plan, they charge, "it allowed
the American foreign affairs
one diplomatic track that had
establishment.
proved successful — the Camp
The most critical examination
David process between Egypt
is offered by Leslie H. Gelb and
and Israel — to languish, if not
Anthony Lake in an overview of die.
the Reagan Administration,
"Egypt now has little to do
"Four More Years: Diplomacy with Israel and Egypt and Jor-
Restored?" Gelb, national se- dan are pushing for a return to
curity correspondent for the a U.N.-led Middle East peace ef-
New York Times, was director fort. As Mr. Reagan begins his
of the State Department's second term, he will have no al-
Bureau for Politico-Military Af-
ternative but to start all over
fairs for two years during the again," they conclude.
Carter Administration. Prof.
Dr. Coral Bell of the Aus-
Lake was the Department's di- tralian National University,
rector of policy planning.
writing on the Carter and Rea-
The two men question Admin- gan policies, finds that they dif-
istration claims of dramatic im- fer more in image than in sub-
provement in American military stance and that in the case of
strength, asserting that while Reagan, "ironically and surpris-
the Reagan Administration has ingly, words have proved an ef-
spent about $800 billion on the fective substitute for deeds in
military in four years, "experts much of international politics
hotly debate whether the coun- and maybe even in defense
try has gotten its money's policy."
worth."
American credibility in the
Gelb and Lake find that the Middle East, she says, has been
American position and the pro- damaged and its capacity to
spects for negotiated settlement control events reduced. The
in the Middle East were dimm- moderate Arab states have been
ed with the virtual collapse of irritated by American policies,
American policy in Lebanon in and by the strategic cooperation
the first three months of 1984. agreement with Israel. "Syria
Reagan's decision to withdraw has undoubtedly advanced its
the Marines and the offshore _status and sphere of influence,
naval presence, they assert, not only vis-a-vis Lebanon, but
resulted in an immediate re- also the United States and even
alignment of power within Leb- apparently Israel."
anon favoring Syria. This led to
The Soviet Union, she points
President Gemayel's decision to out, "which had been successful-
renounce the 1983 peace treaty ly excluded from real (as against
with Israel.
titular) power in Middle Eastern
"The experience will not be crises, might be deemed to be
lost on Israel," they noted, back now, as the shadow behind
"when and if the Administra- Syria."
tion starts pushing Mr. Rea-
However, she concludes, even
gan's plan for Jordanian-Israel allowing for loss of American in-
negotiations on the West Bank fluence, it is not necessary to
and Gaza Strip." Israel's uni- assume reduced prospects of
lateral decision to withdraw reasonable stability in the Mid-
from Lebanon left Syria the win- dle East. "Actual settlements

