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He described the United States
as a decadent society where there is a
strong tendency toward isolationism,
an avoidance of long-term alliances
with outer nations, and suspicions of
any commitments to help other coun-
. tries.
Walter Goodman, also of the
New York Times, said his colleague's
views were "too smooth, too clear and
all wrong." He said that he felt com-
fortable with the journalists' adver-
sarial role that seemed to trouble
Starr.
Other participants disagreed
with Starr's "red theory," as one
called it, and Ari Rath, editor of the
Jerusalem Post, said that Starr's con-
clusions "frighten me as an Israeli"
because they assume a widespread
anti-Israel bias, conscious or not. He
and other critics felt Starr had over-
simplified matters with his portrayal
of a strong Soviet influence among
journalists and university professors.
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ne of the more topical subjects
of the day, in light of the
news of the bus hijacking. in Israel
and the subsequent news blackout
was censorship, and that subject was
dealt with in a session that centered
on Prof. Ben Bagdikian's report on
ity for the Media." Bagdikian warned
that Israel must pay a price for cen-
soring the press.
"What people take into account
in situations that may require cen-
sorship is what will happen if this
information is allowed to come out.
But they should also consider the
price of not allowing the information
out. There's a cost to secrecy and cen-
sorship, and they may be justified at
times, but we must always keep in
mind the long-term effect." In his
paper he criticized Israel's censorship
policies, particularly those of the
Arab press within Israel.
Bagdikian was also critical of
the Israeli press's acceptance of cen-
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sorship, saying the press was being
"co-opted" by the government. "The
central role of the media is to report
to the public whatever the media
have reason to believe is true and
significant," he said. "When this role
is compromised, when the press,
either voluntarily or by coercion, has
become a partner in misleading the
public, or in forced conformity to offi-
cial policy, similarly compromised is
a major source of rationality and
trust which, ultimately, is a nation's
only source of spontaneous loyalty."
In response, Shalom Rosenfeld,
former editor of the Israeli daily
Ma'ariv, noted that while censorship
in any form may be anathema to
journalists, given the reality of Is-
rael's constant security concerns, it is
necessary. He asked the participants
to imagine themselves the head of
Israel Radio or Television and faced
with the decision of whether or not to
release news details during an Arab
terrorist attack, as was the case re-
cently, knowing that releasing the
story may jeopardize the lives of the
hostages. "For us these are not
theoretical dilemmas but day-to-day
decisions that involve life and
death." He supported the present
laws and noted that the press in Is-
rael remains free and vigorous.
Ironically, though a newsman
defended the censorship regulations,
the man who used to carry them out
said they should be abolished. Zev
Chafets, a native of Detroit who
served as head of the Government
Press Office in Jerusalem during the
Begin administration, said he is
against censorship "for two simple
reasons — it's stupid and it doesn't
work."
Maintaining that Israeli censor-
ship is a farse, Chafets said any
enterprising journalist can manage
to "get the story out" and all Israel is
left with is an image — undeserved
Continued on Page 18
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