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Philip Habib looks at
prospects for Mideast peace
BY HENRY SREBRNIK
Special to The Jewish News
Toronto — Former Mid-
dle East troubleshooter
Philip C. Habib told a
gathering of about 600
Canadian businessmen in
Toronto's Sheraton Center
on April 2 that the Middle
East "is not an area we can
walk away from. The
United States has vital
commitments there — in-
cluding the security and
survival of the State of Is-
rael."
Habib, who was the spe-
cial envoy to the Middle
East for the Reagan Ad-
ministration from 1981 to
1983, called the area a
"crossroads of the world,"
important for its resources
and also as part of the global
confrontation between the
superpowers.
Habib pointed out that
crises were endemic to the
region — there was the
problem of Lebanon, the
Iran-Iraq war, and other is-
sues which might lead to
dangerous escalation. Even
more intractable was the
Arab-Israeli dispute.
As Under Secretary of
State for Political Affairs in
the Carter Administration,
Habib played a key role in
the Camp David talks lead-
ing to the Egyptian-Israeli
peace treaty. He also ar-
ranged a cease-fire between
Israel and the PLO in
southern Lebanon in July
1981, and was prominent in
the negotiations that led to
the evacuation of the Pales-
tinians from Beirut in
August 1982. The Brook-
lyn-born diplomat of
Lebanese ancestry was
nominated for the Nobel
Peace Prize in 1983.
The basic aim of U.S. pol-
icy in- Lebanon has been to
re-establish its sovereignty
and statehood, and bring
about a situation where ex-
ternal forces — Iranian, Li-
byan, Syrian and Israeli —
would leave. "Lebanese
territory should not be the
base for hostile actions
against any of its
neighbors," explained
Habib. While Lebanon's
fractious communal and
religious groups have been
feuding for centuries, the
country's current agony
really dates from the early
1970s, when the PLO moved
into southern Lebanon.
Since then, other external
forces, especially Israel and
Syria, have become in-
volved with the various fac-
tions in the civil war.
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The
Pride of Israel
Habib felt the fighting
was as much a question of
political power and "turf' as
religion.
He continues to support
the Reagan peace initiative
of Sept. 1, 1982. He feels this
is a comprehensive proposal
involving Israel, Egypt,
Jordan, the Palestinians
and the United States, deal-
ing with questions of ter-
ritorial adjustments, the
rights of the Palestinians
and the recognition of Is-
rael. He admitted that Yas-
sir Arafat was unable to win
the backing of the PLO's
radical wing for the Reagan
Philip Habib
plan, and that since then
conditions in Lebanon have
deteriorated even further.
"One doesn't yet see the
formula for success," he
said.
Nonetheless, the United
States must continue to per-
severe and be a "catalyst"
in the peace process. The re-
sponsibility can't be ignored
or passed on to anyone else.
Only the United States can
speak to both the Arabs and
the Israelis. Carefully
structured negotiations, in-
volving compromise, are the
only way to peace. The proc-
ess must be continuous and
sustained, even if step by
step. The alternative
might be the de jure parti-
tion of Lebanon, which
would expand the area of
confrontation between Is-
rael-and Syria, an undesir-
able prospect. Somehow,
national reconciliation
must be achieved in Leba-
non.
"I don't consider the Sy-
rians to be at the disposition
of the Soviets," Habib em-
phasized. "They don't take
orders." Nonetheless, the
Russians support Damascus
because they "will seize any
opportunity to increase
their capacity and weaken
ours."
At a press conference fol-
lowing his speech, Habib
was asked about proposals
calling for moving the
American Embassy in Is-
rael to Jerusalem. "This is
not something that needs to
be done," he answered, add-
ing that it will make the
search for long-term peace
more difficult. "The present
location doesn't present a
problem in dealing with the
government of Israel."
As for the present split
within the ranks of the
PLO, he agreed that the
organization need not be ac-
cepted as the legitimate
representative of the Pales-
tinians. "Those bets are off,"
he concluded. "It'll have to
be worked out."
Election tactics
disclosed
Tel Aviv (ZINS) — A con=
fidential document on cam-
paign strategies to be used
against the Likud regime
has been made public by the
Israeli newspaper Yediot
Achronot.
The author of the docu-
ment is Prof. Yehoshafat
Harkaby, former chief of the
military secret service.