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THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
12 Friday, Feburary 17, 1984
r BANKRUPTCY"
Israel-Egypt Cooperation Bears Fruit
By BILL CLARK
6: I
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BEERSHEVA — Israel
and Egypt, as a result of
their 1979 peace accords,
are cooperating on a joint
agricultural research pro-
gram which has important
implications for hungry
people around the world.
The two countries share a
situation which has exasp-
erated farmers for cen-
turies. Both have miles and
miles of open land plus vast
reservoirs of water under-
neath — the two prime in-
gredients for agriculture.
But upon attempting to tap
that underground water, it
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DR. PASTERNAK
was found to be decidely
salty and simply unfit for ir-
rigation.
Representatives of Israel,
Egypt and the U.S. Agency
for International Develop-
ment met and mapped out a
program for cooperative ag-
ricultural research, decid-
ing on three projects: the
use of salty water for ir-
rigating crops, pasture im-
provement with fodder
shrubs and the introduction
of new crops into arid zone
agriculture.
The salty water irriga-
tion project was given top
priority and, at the Israeli
end, Dr. Dov Pasternak
of Ben-Gurion University
was put in charge.
For the past two years,
working with a $5 million
AID budget, Israeli and
Egyptian researchers have
made important discoveries
which are useful to farmers
working arid regions all
'around the world.
"We've been testing about
20 varieties of melons with
various genetic back-
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grounds," said Dr. Paster-
nak, "and we came across
one called 'Even-Kay.' It's
originally from Iran, but
when we worked with it, we
found it exceptionally salt
resistant. It can tolerate up
to 9,000 parts per million
salt in irrigation water
without any yield reduc-
tion, and that means it can
be irrigated with the brac-
kish and saline waters
which can be found in the
underground aquifers of
both Israel and Egypt."
Sometimes technique is
critically important. For
example, tomatoes are gen-
erally salt resistant and can
thrive on moderately brac-
kish water. When the salt
concentration gets up to
around 5,000 parts per mil-
lion, yield drops off about 50
percent, and that makes
tomato growing unprofita-
ble. However, Dr. Paster-
nak noted, "we've learned
that if you start the plants
on fresh water until there
are at least four leaves
growing, you can then
switch to the 5,000 ppm
brackish water and have
only 25 percent yield reduc-
tion, and that makes tomato
growing commercially via-
ble."
"Another related thing
we learned," he added,
"is that if you increase
the concentration of ni-
trates in the soil, you'll
reduce the uptake of
chloride."
Geological research indi-
cates that Israel's Negev
Desert will be able to yield
about 150 million cubic
meters of water a year for a
century.
Underground brackish
water is not only found be-
neath the Negev Desert. Dr.
Pasternak noted that
nearly every arid area on
earth — places where ag-
riculture has traditionally
been marginal — sits atop a
large reservoir of brackish
water. Dig down nearly
anywhere in the Sahara,
and you'll hit brackish
water, he said. Or drill into
Australia's Great Sandy
Desert and you'll reach the
Great Artesian Aquifer.
The deserts of Asia and
the Americas also sizzle
above oceans of brackish
water, and as a new system
of agriculture is devised to
exploit this resource, the
world's population will have
a new food source.
In each country, the re-
search is being con-
ducted by several differ-
ent groups. In Israel, re-
search is being con-
ducted by the Volcani In-
stitute and the Hebrew
University Faculty of Ag-
riculture, as well as by
the Ben-Gurion Univer-
sity of the Negev's
Applied Research Insti-
tute. In Egypt, Dr. Adel
El-Beltagy is Dr. Paster-
nak's parallel principal
investigator, with re-
search conducted by Ain
Shams University and
the Egyptian Ministry of
Agriculture.
Dr. Pasternak noted that
the vegetables irrigated on
salty water are better. "Yes,
we have noticed a markedly
improved quality. The to-
matoes have more sugar in
them, a better flavor and a
redder color than the same
types grown with regular
fresh water.
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