•

26 Friday, December 23, 1983

TIE DETilbli JEWISH NEWS

Stamp'Depicts 50th Anniversary of German Immigration to Israel

JERUSALEM — This
year marks the 50th an-
niversary of the beginning
of the mass immigration of
Jews from Germany and
other central European
countries.
By 1933, there , were al-
ready some 2
, 000 German

and Austrian Zionists liv-
ing in Eretz Israel, some of
whom worked in their own
academic professions while
others, who had come as
pioneers, played an active
part in founding kibutzim
and other settlements. Dur-
ing the period from 1933 to

1939, about 75,000 Jews
from Central Europe ar-
rived in the country —
55,000 from Germany and
20,000 fro
m Austria and
Czechoslovakia.
In 1932, the immigrants
from Germany got together
and formed the German

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Immigrants' Association
which later became the
Central European Immig-
rants' Association and this
played a vital role in help-
ing the newcomers to settle
down in their new country.
Its main concerns were to
give advice in finding jobs,
to help in acquiring a
knowledge of the Hebrew
language and to provide fi-
nancial aid to those in need.
At a later stage, it paid
special attention to the
needs of the old people
for whom it built and
managed several retire-
ment homes.
The Jewish Agency set up
a special German depart-
ment to deal with the Ger-
man immigration, which
was headed by Chaim
Weizmann, Arthur Ruppin
and Georg Landauer. The
department mobilized funds
for the settlement of the
new immigrants, many of
whom changed their profes-
sions and founded agricul-
tural settlements such as
Ramot Ha-Shavim, Shavei
Ziyyon, Bet Yitzhaq and
others.
These settlements were
organized in a distinctive
manner, reflecting the
background of their found-
ers, and today we find many
of the children and grand-
children of the original
settlers carrying on the
same tradition.
Among the German im-
migrants were pioneers,
some of whoin went to join
existing settlements, while
others founded settlements
of their own, such as Kibutz
Hazorea, which over the
years have successfully ab-
sorbed immigrants from
many countries.
The leaders of the
Gernian Zionist Move-
ment also came to Eretz
Israel and men such as
Kurt Blumenfeld, Alfred
Landsberg, Pinhas Ro-
zen, Georg Landauer,
Siegfried Moses, Herbert
Foerder and Benno
Cohen played leading
roles in their new home-
land.
Pinhas Rozen, Israel's
first Minister of Justice,
laid the foundations of Is-
rael law; the first president
of Israel's Supreme Court,
Moshe Zmoira, was one of
those German Jews who
came to the country in the
1920s. Israel's courts are
served at all levels by
lawyers and judges who
originally came from Ger-
many, while Siegfried
Moses, Israel's first State
Comptroller, was succeeded
by a fellow compatriot, Yit-
zhaq Nebenzahl.

In the economic field, the
German immigrants
opened up new enterprises
in banking, trade and in-
dustry and their special
style of management slowly
spread throughout the
economy.

Top management of
Bank Leumi always in-
cluded several bankers of
German origin, while the
small private banks
founded by these ex-
German bankers played an

X14

MO Israel `now ,

19133 3• 10111

I

part of the fabric of the Is-
raeli nation and are to be
found in all walks of life but
they still remain faithful to
their traditions which are
part of the history of the
Jewish people.

)131111 1

1933-ma

1,1

important part in the de-
velopment of Israel's
economy.
These immigrants also
established modern indus-
trial enterprises through-
out the country and de-
veloped new styles of retail
trading.
German Jewry also
made its mark in the aca-
demic field. World-
famous doctors trained a
whole new generation of
physicians even before
coming to Israel and out-
standing educators
founded a new style of
school such as the Reali
School in Haifa, the Tel
Aviv "New Secondary
School" and the Ben-
Shemen Youth Village.
The contribution of cen-
tral European Jewry to the
country's spiritual and cul-.
tural life is no less outstand-
ing. They were among the
first members of the
Philharmonic Orchestra;
the writers among them
struggled to conquer the
Hebrew language, and
while most of them suc-
ceeded in expressing them-
selves in their new tongue,
others continued to write in
their native language.
Today, the children and
grandchildren of these
German immigrants are

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