28 Friday, May 6, 1983
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
Israel Settlement Enjoys New Popularity in the '80s
By ZEV GOLAN
World , Zionist Press Service
JERUSALEM — The
past year has been witness
to the continuation of the
work of a decade which has
seen a revived settlement of
the land of Israel so forceful,
so innovative and so inten-
sive, that one cannot help
but be reminded of the ad-
venturous early days of
Zionist settlement.
Since 1973, almost 250
new settlements have risen
across the land of Israel.
More than , 200 have been
established in the last five
,years alone. But the revolu-
timiis more than in the pace
of settlement — locations,
purposes and forms have
also changed. Since the
1967 Six-Day War, most of
the settlements have been
established across the
former Green Line that
separated Israel and Jor-
dan. More recently, em-
phasis has also been placed
on settling areas with
sparse Jewish populations.
Because these areas are
often hilly or rocky, indus-
try supplanted agriculture
as an economic basis for
many settlements. In some
areas agriculture may still
be pursued, but an intensive
form of agriculture, scienti-
fically advanced to the point
of needing less water and
less fertile land.
Since.the collective life
of a kibutz is not for
everyone, and also as a
result of basing settle-
ments on industry, a new
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type of settlement was
born — the "yishuv kehil-
lati" =cooperative rural
settlement, also known as
an industrial village. The
village is actually a type
of corporation, taking
care of services, culture
and education; it pro-
vides aid to families in
setting up businesSes and
direction to the commu-
nity, while individuals
own their homes and be-
longings and run their
own affairs themselves.
Yahel is a combination of
the old and new, a green
spot in the desert,'the white
hills of the Arava for a
backdrop and the red moun-
tains of Edom in the dis-
tance. A young kibutz, built
on a model suited to the
1980s, it is based on winter
agriculture in an area
where a swimming pool is a
necessity rather than a lux-
ury, and every, house must
have an air conditioner.
In the early 1970s, a.
group of young men and
women enlisted in the Is-
raeli army as a Nahal unit,
which was to become a civi-
lian settlement group. The
early days were char-
acterized by heavy ideologi-
cal debate — the question of
whether to keep a kosher
kitchen was especially sen-
sitive at Yahel,.a product of
the Reform (Progressive)
movement in Judaism. It
was decided to keep the
main kitchen kosher.
Discussions became more
practical, too, because the
social, make-up of the kibutz
changed. The founding
group, consisted of about 60
Israelis and six Americans.
All were single. Today
abaut half the members are
married, and there are nine
children on the kibutz. The
population has gone from
singles, transients and
Shari Lynn Cleaners
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Haddasah Liaison in Israel
JERUSALEM — The
Hadassah Council in Israel,
which serves as the liaison
between the American
organization and the Israeli
.programs it implements,
was the, subject of a recent
feature in Israel Scene
magazine.
The council is headed by
Sylvia Shapiro, a former
Cleveland resident who set-
tled in Israel in 1970.
tled on the scene to carry
out the policy decisions
taken . overseas by the na-
tional executive,," Mrs.
Shapiro said.-
"We meet frequently to
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teenagers to adults wi th first day in February,
family concerns. An on gi- 1980, only two families
nal kibutz lifestyle is bei ng have, left the settlement.
developed.
About 46 families now
Far from Yahel lies the live there, including
village of Maale Sho m- about 100 children. Most
ron. The distance b e- members work outside
tween the two is mo re the village, though one
than geographic an d industrial area has been
exemplifies the vital d i
built and • another is
versity of Jewish settl e- under construction. This
ment.
will permit more and
Maale Shomron
is more residents to work in
situated across the Gree n the village itself.
Line in Samaria above the
The settlement currently
Kalkiya-Nablus (Shehem) sits on 12% dunams, with a
Road, assuring strategic breathtaking view of the
control of an important coastal plain stretching
artery. The village is 14 from Hadera to Ashdod, an
kilometers from Kfar Saba, incredibly broad vista of the
about a 45-minute drive Israeli coastline. This July
from Tel Aviv.
construction of permanent
This is one of the bold ex- housing was begun on a
periments of Maale Shom- nearby hill. Plans call for
ron — to overcome the di- 220 families to live at the
visions existing in Israeli site, each family receiving
society. In this village the -half a dunam of land on
Sabbath is not desecrated which to build a home. This
publicly, though presidents is the "build your own
do as they wish in their own home" method, in which
homes. The school system is residents design and fi-
state-religious, with an nance their homes, with the
educational program de- Housing Ministry laying
signed especially for, the the infrastructure — water,
mixed student body of electricity, roads etc.
Maale Shomron. The em-
The purpose of modern
phasis is on tradition and Zionist settlement have al-
Zionism; the students learn ways included the guaran-
religious customs but are teeing of Israel's borders (or
not required to practice the setting of future bor-
them unless they choose to ders), providing security in
do so.
certain areas, redistribut-
As a "yishuv kehillati," ing the population from
the residents cooperate con- crowded urban areas to less
cerning provision of serv- populated regions, estab-
ices and cultural life, while lishing social frameworks
each person's economy and designed to better the life of
budget is a private affair. settlers, and aiding in the
Local government is by absorption of new immig-
general meetings, called as rants to israel.
the need arises. There is a
Over the past 10 years,
five-member elected com- the emphasis has been
mittee that serves without placed on settling areas
pay, _and a paid secretary to lacking in Jewish popula-
carry out the decisions tions, especially Judea and
taken.
Samaria and Galilee...The
Maale Shomron is only new type of settlement, the
11/2 years old. From that "yishuv kehillati," is at-
tracting more and more new
immigrants and native Is-
hear from professionals an d raelis; the pace of settle-
to share information about ment has increased almost
each division represented.' tenfold; and new founda-
The council currently ha tions, such as industry,
liaison representatives fo r s have permitted the settle-
the Hadassah medical ecu ment of . areas that depen-
cational services, public re - dence on agriculture would
ldtions, tourism and youth - have- made virtually im-
possible.
activities divisions.
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