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14 Friday, April 1, 1983

THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS

80 Years Since Kishinev Pogrom Changed Jews' Thinking

(Continued from Page 1)

Jews, Herzl toyed that year
with accepting a British
offer of a "temporary"
Jewish homeland in East
Africa, an idea which al-
most wrecked the Zionist

movement, founded only six
years earlier.
Chaim Nachman Bialik,
then 30 years old, drew
different conclusions than
Herzl. After visiting
Kishinev to interview the

survivors, he felt that the
Jews could at least have
tried to defend themselves
and his over-riding emotion
was one of shame.
In this poem, "In the City
of Slaughter," he thun-

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The Kishinev massacre
and Bialik's poem
(Jabotinsky was to write 21
years later) marked "the
birth of a new Jewish men-
tality." It was the first time
in modern Jewish history
that the main feeling pro-
voked in the community
was one of shame rather
than horror and grief,
Jabotinsky wrote in an in-
troduction to an English
edition of Bialik's works.
"The revival of Macca-
bean tendencies in the
ghetto really dates from
that poem: the self-defense
organizations which sprang
up everywhere in Russia to
meet the new pogrom wave
two years later, the shorn-
rim movement in Palestine,
even the Jewish Legion
which fought for the Holy
Land in 1918 — they are all
Bialik's children,"
Jabotinsky wrote. Had he

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Among those stirred by
his words was Vladimir
Jabotinsky, like Bialik an
Odessa Jew, but one who
until then had devoted
himself to Russian cul-
ture and letters. After
Kishinev, Jabotinsky
identified himself
entirely with his fellow
Jews, with Zionism and
the need for self-defense.

NEW YORK — The 18th
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to Israel Programs" has
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Zionist Organization-
American Section.
The guide contains a de-
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275

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and great is the shame and
which of the two is greater?"

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JERUSALEM (JTA) —
The Knesset last week ap-
proved a record 1.124 trill-
ion Shekel budget ($28 bil-
lion) for fiscal year 1983-84.
It acted in the 'final hour of
the last day of the winter
session, before adjoining for
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Eight other fiscal meas-
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them in such great haste
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Subjects on the agenda
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crimination against Israeli
Arabs, in assistance to de-
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lived
long
enough,
Jabotinsky would doubtless
have added the uprising in
the Warsaw Ghetto to that
list.
Despite the immediate
shock caused by the
Kishinev pogrom, it was far
from an isolated incident. In
the months which followed
pogroms erupted one after
the other in White Russia
and the Ukraine, abating
only when Russia found it-
self at war with Japan the
next year and when Jews
were being pressed into the
Czar's armies.

There was also a sec-
ond pogrom in Kishinev
in October 1905. In some
places, though, Jews
began to show more
courage. In August 1903,
Jewish defenders acquit-
ted themselves well when
a pogrom broke out at
Gomel, in White Russia,
where 20,000 Jews
formed half the town's
population.

Kishinev.
Amazingly,
the
Encyclopedia Judaica put
the 1970 figure back at
60,000, though this has cer-
tainly been depleted by the
large-scale emigrations of
the past 13 years.

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Despite its blood-stained
name, though, Kishinev
seems to have retained a
I VACUUM
magnetic attraction to Jews
VPINRRI TER
in southern Russia. There
'ATW
I
had been 60,000 Jews there I REPAIR & TUNEUP
in 1902. Many emigrated
(plus parts)
'-11
after the pogroms. But even
so, there were some 65,000
Jews in the town at the time
of the Nazi invasion of the
231 W. Nine Mile Rd.
I
Soviet Union in 1941. Of I
these, 53,000 were mur- I
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