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THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
"Diderot's personal quest
uniquely characterizes the
Age of Enlightenment,
more so perhaps than that of
any philosophy. More
dynamic and less
tradition-bound than Mon-
tesquieu, more profound
and less pessimistic than
Voltaire, more eclectic and
less dogmatic than Rous-
seau, he has been said to in-
carnate the 18th Century
itself, 'in him all currents of
that age, deep or shallow,
crossed and went separate
ways.' "
The above passage is from
the introduction to "Diderot
and the Jews," authored by
Leon Schwartz and pub-
lished by Fairleigh Dicken-
son University Press.
The author commences
his narrative by briefly
sketching the life-story of
the 18th Century
philosopher Denis Diderot.
Born in 1713 in Langres,
France into a wealthy
Catholic family, Diderot re-
ceived his early education
in a Jesuit school and his
higher education at the
Parisian College d'Harcourt
and at the Jesuit College
Louis-le-Grand.
"In these colleges," Di-
derot often reminisced, "I
was suckled early on the
milk of Horace, Virgil,
Homer, Terence, Anac-
reon, Plato, Euripides,
blended with that of
Moses and the Prophets."
At the same time, re-
marks the author, "the
French virus would be
crossbred (in his mind) with
the anti-Jewish writings of
Plutarch, Pliny, Cicero and
Tacitus."
Characteristically, Di-
derot, like many mid-18th
Century French intellectu-
als, freed himself of his
Christian beliefs and
adopted the religious phi-
losophy of the English Loc-
kean deists that stressed
"man perceives God directly
through the senses."
Diderot began at an early
age to translate English
books into French. Among
others, he translated Tem-
ple Stanyan's "The History
of Greece" and "James Med-
ical Dictionary."
His translation in 1745
of Lord Shaftesbury's
"The Principles of Moral
Philosophy, or Essay on
Merit and Virtue," the
author points out,
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"marks the beginning of
Diderot's career as a
philosopher, moralist
and religious critic."
In 1746, Diderot pub-
lished anonymously his
first original book, "Pensees
philosophiques"
("Philosophical Thoughts").
Condemned by the "Paris
Parliament," it provided "a
deistic alternative to Chris-
tianity."
Shortly following the
publication of the "Pen-
sees," Diderot and d'Alem-
bert were chosen to co-edit
the 28 volume
"Encyclopedie" that took 29
years to complete.
Diderot, however, did not
remain a deist. Rejecting
the doctrine of "Divine Pro-
vidence," he became an
atheist and published the
book, "Lettre sur les av-
engeles a l'usage de de ceux
qui voient" (Letter on the
Blind for the Use of Those
Who See").
For that publication,
Diderot was arrested and
kept three months in the
Tower of Vincennes.
Soon after his release, Di-
derot began his work on the
"Encyclopedie" in earnest.
His co-authors were scien-
tists, churchmen and mem-
bers of various professions.
Though their articles dif-
fered "in tone, style, em-
phasis and viewpoint," still,
they all rejected the belief in
revealed religion and
church orthodoxy.
They also rejected the
concept of a "chosen people,"
since they believed that all
human beings are equal.
They disagreed, however,
with the teaching of the
church that "the Jews were
condemned to wander the
earth, forever carrying with
them the mark of God's
vengeance."
Of particular importance
are Diderot's articles
"Crusades" and "In-
tolerance." The former,
written dispassionately,
deals with the atrocities
committed by Christians
against Jews; the latter is "a
moving plea for the
tolerance of all people and
other beliefs."
Significant, too, is the
de Jaucourt article on
Jewish history believed
to be written by Diderot.
It is one of three articles
singled out in the "His-
toire des Juifs en France"
as illustrations of
encyclopedist articles
"bearing the stamp of
true liberalism in their
treatment of Jews."
The principal aim of "Di-
derot and the Jews" is to as-
certain the philosopher's
positive attitude towards
the Jews. Unfortunately,
Diderot "left no single, corn-
British Youths
Tour Israel
JERUSALEM (JNI) — A
group of British teenagers
arrived late last month for a
two-week stay in Israel.
Groups of about 200 school-
children, accompanied by
parents and teachers, will
come to Israel regularly
during the next two months.
e
Y11101;111 1 1
Friday, February 4:1983 39
King Threatened by Yuri Andropov
Philosopher 'Diderot and the Jews'
By ALLEN A. WARSEN
1
WASHINGTON — if he became involved with
prehensive statement of his Newsweek magazine re- U.S. President Ronald
position on the Jews, so it ported this week that Soviet Reagan's Middle East peace
has had to be synthesized leader Yuri Andropov initiative.
from among his diverse threatened Jordan's King
The startled Hussein
writings, most of which re- Hussein when Hussein vis- asked Andropov if his
mained unpublished until ited Moscow recently with statement was a threat, ac-
after the French Revolution an Arab League delegation. cording to Newsweek, but
and remain unfamiliar to Andropov told Hussein he did not receive any clarifi-
would be in serious trouble cation.
the general public."
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