12 Friday, October 1, 1982

THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS

Record of Holocaust Tragedies Chronologically,
Cartographically Depicted in Dr. Gilbert's Volume

Chronologically, accom-
panied by 314 maps, illus-
trated records of the camps
where the Six Million died
as victims of Nazis combine
to make another analysis by
the eminent historian, Mar-
tin Gilbert, a Fellow at Mer-
ton College, England, per-
haps the most dramatic ac-
counts of what happened to
European Jewry under Hit-
ler.
In "The Macmillan Atlas
of the Holocaust" Dr. Gil-
bert provides the stories of
17 of the very eminent vic-
tims of the Nazi era, sym-
bolizing them as a presenta-
tion of the horrors in which
the Six Million Jews also
had as fellow sufferers six
million additional non-
Jews.
The maps, all 314, con-
tain the record of the
tragedies in all the concen-
tration and death camps.
The exemplary 17 im-
mediately became symbols
of the evidence in the Gil-
bert volume when the
reader becomes aware that
included among them are
the names of the world
famous historian Simon
Dubnow, the martyred
Janusz Korczak, the Polish
leader Emanuel
Ringelblum.
The introductory map
shows the birthplaces,
the places where they
worked and the places of
their execution.
Introducing the 17 upon
whose stories the Gilbert
volume is based, the author
states: "If a similarly short
reference were made to each
Jew murdered between
1939 and 1945, 355,000
such maps would be needed.
To draw these maps at the
author's and cartographer's
fast rate of a map a day,
would take more thn 967
years."
Thereupon, Dr. Gilbert
proceeds to list the 17
selected martyrs:
"Among the 17 people
whom I have chosen for this
map is the historian, Simon
Dubnow, who had taught at
Vilna, Kovno and Berlin
and who was murdered in
Riga on 8 December 1941, at
the age of 81.
"Among other Jewish
historians murdered by
the Nazis was Emanuel
Ringelblum, born in Buc-
zacz, who survived the
Warsaw ghetto revolt,
but was later caught by :
the Gestapo and mur-
dered, at the age of 44, to-
gether with his wife and
children.
"Many thousands of doc-
tors, medical men and sci-
entists were also killed,

MARTIN GILBERT

among them the phar-
macologist Emil Starckens-
tein, born in the Bohemian
town of Pobezovice, who had
made major contributions to
preventive medicine, first
as a professor at Prague,
and after 1938, as a refugee
in Amsterdam. In 1941, at
the age of 58, he was de-
ported to Mauthausen and
killed.
"Charlotte Salomon was a
painter. Born in Berlin, she
had fled to France in 1939,
at the age of 22. Later she
was deported to Auschwitz
and gassed. One of her
paintings bore the caption:
`I cannot bear this life, I
cannot bear these times.'
"Rudolf Levy, also a
painter, was born in Stettin
in 1875, and worked with
Matisse. In the First World
War, as a German soldier,
he won the Iron Cross. Flee-
ing from Berlin to Paris in
1933, from Paris to Florence
in 1940, he was deported
from Italy to Auschwitz in
1943.
"That same year, the
Munich-born painter
Hermann Lismann, who
had studied in Lausanne
and Rome, was deported
from France to Maj-
danek.
"Harry Baur, a Marseil-
les dock worker who became
known throughout France
as 'the king of character ac-
tors,' died in Berlin in 1943,
after being tortured by the
Gestapo. A fellow French
Jew, Rene Blum, successor
to Diaghilev as director of
the Monte Carlo ballet,
perished at Auschwitz in
1944.
"Many poets were also
murdered, among them
Mordechai Gebirtig, killed
in Cracow, Samuel Jacob
Imber, deported to Belzec,
Yitzhak Katznelson, killed
at Auschwitz with one of his
sons and Miklow Radnoti, a
35-year-old Hungarian
who, after more than three
years in different slave
labor camps, died in October
1944 on a death march from
Bor in Yugoslavia to Gyor
in Hungary.

"Among the hundreds of
thousands of teenagers kil-
led was the 15-year-old
Yitskhok Rudashevski, who
recorded in his diary the
day-to-day life and moods of
the Vilna Ghetto, and Judit
Sandor, from Budapest, who
survived both the death
camps and the war itself,
but was too weak to survive
the peace, and died at
Karlstad, in Sweden, in
September 1945, shortly
after her 17th birthday.
"Janusz Korczak,
writer of children's
stories, educator and so-
cial worker, was mur-
dered at Treblinka with
all 200 children from his
Warsaw orphanage. He
had insisted on accom-
panying them to the
death camp.
"Alice Salomon, director
of the children's home at La
Rose, near Marseilles, also
voluntarily joined her chil-
dren, when they were de-
ported to Auschwitz.
"In all, more than a mil-
lion Jewish children were
murdered by the Nazis,
among them the three-
year-old Pierre Roth, born
in Mulhouse.
"Thousands of children
were shot in the streets, or
separated from their par-
ents for the terrible journey
to the death camps. Even
the tiniest infants were
brutally murdered, many
wrenched from their
mothers' arms, as both were
shot, beaten to death, or
gassed.
"With the death of so
many children, future
generations were also
destroyed, and the
natural descent of gener-
ation to generation was
unnaturally cut off. We
shall never know what
these million and more
children would have
made of their lives, had
evil men not marked
them out to die."
The Gilbert summation
in 314 maps shows
chronologically the destruc-
tion of each of the main
Jewish communities of
Europe. They indicate the
acts of resistance and revolt.
Taken into account are the
avenues of escape and re-
scue.
Dr. Gilbert quotes the
historian of the Holocaust,
Prof. Yehuda Bauer: "With
all the resources in the
world it is impossible to
show or even to know all
that was done." Yet the Gil-
bert approach to retaining
the historical record is im-
mense and at the same time
deeply moving.
Dr. Gilbert nevertheless

carries on a task which be-
gins to approximate the full
extent of the tragedies. He
depicts the horrors in this
characterization of the
brutal aims of the Nazi
mass murderers:
"For each community
whose pre-war strength,
or war-time destruction, I
have been able to plot on
one of these maps, two or
three other communities
existed, particularly
smaller ones, for which
there is either no room in
this atlas, or for which
there is no evidence be-
yond the knowledge that
they were in fact de-
stroyed.

the round-ups and deporta-
tions, the creation and
working of the death camps,
the slave labor system, the
death marches, and the
executions up to the very
moment of liberation."
The 60 photographs in
the book are anonymous,
but the author indicates
that they were of "real
people." Photographed
are the places where the
horrors occurred as well
as some of the people
against whom the mur-
derous organization di-
rected its inhuman con-
duct.
Dr. Gilbert takes into ac-
count the non-Jewish suf-
ferers, equal in number
"The Nazi aim was to blot With the Six Million Jews
out these communities and who perished at the hands of
all they represented of life, the Nazis, stating: -
heritage and culture. Al-
"Although this atlas is
though the Nazis made no one of Jewish suffering, no
specific effort to record book or atlas on any aspect
every killing, their general of the Second World War
efficiency and sense of order can fail to record that in
was such that much de- addition to the six million
tailed evidence survives of Jewish men, women and
the killings in progress, children who were mur-
often as set down at the time dered at least an equal
by the killers themselves.
number of non-Jews was
"The aim of this atlas is to also killed, not in the heat of
trace each phase of Hitler's battle, not by military siege,
war against the Jewish aerial bombardment or the
people: against all those harsh conditions of modern
with Jewish blood or of war, but by deliberate,
Jewish descent, wherever planned murder.
they could be found.
"Hence, even in this atlas,
"It therefore traces the which traces the Jewish
German conquest of terri- story, mention has fre-
tory in which Jews had lived quently been made, often as
for centuries, the first ran- an integral part of the
dom but brutal killings, the Jewish fate, of the murder of
enforced expulsions of an- non-Jews.
cient communities, the set-
"These include Polish
ting up of ghettos, the delib- civilians killed after Po-
erate starvation of tens of land's capitulation, the
thousands — at least 4,000 first, mostly non-Jewish,
a month in Warsaw alone — victims at Auschwitz, the

tens of thousands of vic-
tims of the Nazi
euthanasia program, the
non-Jews killed with
Jews in the slave labor
camps of the Sahara, the
Serbs killed with Jews in
April 1941 and January
1942, the Czech villagers
massacred at Lidice, the
Poles expelled and mur-
dered in the Zamosc
province, the Gypsies
deported to the death
camps, the non-Jews kil-
led with Jews in the re-
prisal action in Rome,
Greeks and Italians
taken hostage and
drowned with Jews in the
Aegean, the French vil-
lagers massacred at
Oradour-sur-Glane, and
the tens of thousands of
Gypsies, Russian
prisoners-of-war,
Spanish republicans,
Jehovah's Witnesses and
homosexuals murdered
at Mauthausen."
The chronological record
compiled by Dr. Gilbert lists
these sufferers as well as
the Jewish victims.
The history of anti-
Semitism, the many aspects
of hatred of Jews, will in-
clude Gilbert's "The Mac-
millan Atlas of the
Holocaust" among the most
revealing. Commencing
with an earlier account of
anti-Semitic trends this an-
thologically descriptive
work already begins to oc-
cupy a most important place
in the libaries of world his-
tory. Dr. Gilbert's talents of
describing historical occur-
rences in maps as well as
factual records greatly
enhances his already bril-
liant record as historian.

Pottery Found at Tel Dor Dig

JERUSALEM A pot-
tery lamp in the shape of a
satyr, perfume bottles with
their manufacturer's seal,
and a cache of splendidly-
made clay figurines in ar-
chaic Greek style are among
the many finds unearthed
in the recently concluded
third season of excavations
at Tel Dor on Israel's north-
ern coast.
The dig, which is directed
by Prof. Ephraim Stern of
the Hebrew University's In-
stitute of Archeology, also
found for the first time a
Phoenician ostracon (an

ink-inscribed shard) which
apparently mentions a per-
son named "Matan." He is
described as being a "ste-
ward" of one of the Phoeni-
cian kings of whose name
only the letter "aleph" has
survived.
The six-week excavation
season was carried out
under the auspices of the
Hebrew University's Insti-
tute of Archeology and the
Israel Exploration Society,
in cooperation with New
York University, Boston
University and California
State University at Sac-

Pottery lamp in the shape of a satyr.

ramento.
During the current sea-
son the excavation areas
were extended and addi-
tional sections were ex-
posed of the city wall and
its towers, as well as a
residential quarter of the
Persian-Hellenistic city.
Also uncovered were
more parts of this quarter's
residential buildings. These
were constructed in the
form of long (hundreds of
meters), straight "tene-
ments" which were divided
by partitions into small
dwelling units.

Many items, such as im-
ported vessels, Greek wine
jars, coins and others were
found on the floors of the
buildings.
It is now certain that the
thorough planning of the
residential quarter had its
origins in the Persian
period (Fifth Century BCE).
In another area of the
dig several layers of the
Bronze Age were un-
covered.
Sections of the city's for-
tifications from this period
were found which were built
of a stone base with brick
construction above.