s-
22 . Friday, September 74,; 1982
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THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS -
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Border Region Became Area of Great Concern for Israel in 5742
By DR. YOEL COHEN
World Zionist Press Service
JERUSALEM — Last
Rosh Hashana, few people
expected that Israel would
find itself involved in this
year's invasion of Lebanon.
Attention was focused
rather on Israel's southern
border. Shortly after the
Jewish year began
President Sadat of Egypt
was assassinated. Ironically
he died in a hail of bullets at
a military ceremony com-
memorating Egypt's attack
on the Yom Kippur War.
In the ensuing months Is-
rael made attempts to
create a similar rapport
with Hosni. Mubarak, as
had existed between Begin
and Sadat. These were not
always fruitful — because
the new Egyptian president
has a different personality
and different political lean-
ings from his predecessor.
Whereas Sadat, in coming
to Israel to address the
Knesset, was prepared to
stand out on a limb and
suffer the wrath of the Arab
world, both personally and
nationally, Mubarak has
said that while he wishes to
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follow in Sadat's path of
conciliation with Israel, he
also aspires to Egypt's re-
concilation with the Arab
world.
It was, and to some ex-
tent remains, a possible
contradiction between
these two goals as inter-
preted by some Israeli
observers which aroused
concern inside Israel be-
fore the final handover of
Sinai in April. Was
Egypt's intent to achieve
full normalization of rela-
tions with Israel, or was it
all simply a ploy to regain
all the lost territory? The
months since April have
shown that the former is
largely nearer to the
truth. During Israel's in-
vasion of Lebanon, for
example, Egypt did not
break diplomatic ties
with Israel — although
she did use her diploma-
tic means to protest the
invasion.
For Israel, normalization
of relations with Egypt
means full commercial and
cultural ties. For Egypt, Is-
rael is just one of a number
of bilateral relationships —
and one that embarrasses
these other relationships.
Slowly, over the last 18
months, with the boycott
over, trade has begun to
grow. In 1981 Israeli ex-
ports to Egypt amounted to
$13 million and this year's
estimate is $15-$16 million.
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periment to replace the
military administration
with a civilian one. The plan
was to allow local Palesti-
nians greater autonomy
and involvement in running
their affairs.
Israeli soldiers in Lebanon show-off a captured
Palestinian flag and poster of PLO chief Yasir Arafat.
Bilateral agreements were
signed covering air, trans-
portation, telecommunica-
tions, tourism, agriculture
and civil aviation. Egypt
and Israel have exchanged
ambassadors and opened
embassies. Tourism has
remained largely in one di-
rection, with about 50,000
Israelis visiting Egypt an-
nually.
Israel also experienced
quiet on her borders with
Jordan and Syria. She bene-
fited from the increasing
polarization within the
Arab world. The pan-Arab
unity forged at Baghdad in
1978 in opposition to
Sadat's policies has been
undermined since the Iran-
Iraq War and the Soviet in-
vasion of Afghanistan. -
Moreover, the boycott of
the Arab summit meeting
in November 1981 by Syria
and her allies prevented
discussion of the Saudi Ara-
bian Fand Plan as an alter-
native to Camp David,
further reflecting Arab dis-
unity. The Fand Plan called
for Israeli withdrawal from
all territories occupied since
1967, the removal of settle-
ments, and the establish-
ment of a Palestinian state
with East Jerusalem as its
capital. The plan implied,
although it did not state so
explicitly, recognition of Is-
rael.
By the end of the
Jewish • year, Israel's
main concern was her
northern border with
Lebanon. The ceasefire
which U.S. envoy Philip
Habib had worked out in
July 1981 was shattered.
Between then and the Is-
raeli invasion this June
there were, according to
the Israel Foreign Minis-
try, 150 violations of the
ceasefire including roc-
ket attacks on Israeli
towns and settlements,
the laying of mines, and
attacks or attempted
strikes by Arab ter-
rorists. Froth the PLO the
ceasefire .included only
actions across the
Israeli-Lebanese border,
as against a far wider Is-
raeli interpretation.
In the West Bank, (Judea
and Samaria) the worst
outbreak of clashes between
Israeli troops and Arabs
had broken out in March
and April, after the new
civilian administrator of
the administered ter-
ritories, • Professor
Menahem Milson, dis-
missed a number of
municipalities which
boycotted the civilian ad-
ministration. The clashes
were a test for Israel's ex-
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BJE Is Aiding
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NEW YORK — The
unique educational needs of
yeshivot and day schools are
being met through a new
group of publications pre-
pared by the Board' Of
Jewish Education of
Greater New York.
Samuel D. Shechter,
chairman of the BJE . Cur-
riculum Services Commit-
tee, said commercial pub-
lishers are reticent to pro-
duce materiups for Jewish
schools, because of the rela-
tively small market
nationwide. "In Greater
New York, however, with
fully 50 percent of the
Jewish students registered
in all-day schools, BJE has
recognized its responsibility
to concentrate its publish-
ing efforts in this area."
One of the aims of the Is-
raeli invasion of Lebanon,
according to some obser-
vers, was to reduce the
PLO's influence on the West
Bank. Questions remain
whether Mr. Begin will
seize the opportunity to fill
the vacuum in the adminis-
tered territories created by
the PLO defeat, by offering
the local Palestinians a
practical and acceptable
scheme for autonomy.
Whereas Egypt envisages
autonomy to comprise an
elected council of 80-100
members, with legislative
prerogative, and with re-
sponsibility for all spheres
of administration expect
those touching on Israel's
security and foreign policy
concerns, the Begin Gover-
ment has said that it wants
an elected council of no
more than 20 members and
wants to retain control over
key matters like land own-
ership and the allocation of
water and electricity. -
The negotiations have so
far made only limited pro-
gress. Their importance,
however, cannot be over-
emphasized. Nor, of course,
can the negotiations antici-
pated after the war in Leba-
non for the restoration of a
stable and independent
political structure there.
This must satisfyLebanese
aspirations and at the same
time guaranteed Israel's se-
curity — the purpose of Op-
eration Peace for Galilee.
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