THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
6 Friday, November 6, 19B1
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Yemenite Jews Celebrate
(Continued from Page 1)
Yemen, various laws dis-
criminating against them
excluded them from the do-
minant Moslem society. But
though they were perse-
cuted by the outer world,
within their own com-
munities they maintained,
with extraordinary purity,
all the teachings and cus-
toms passed from father to
son, going all the way back
to the days when the
Sanhedrin sat in
Jerusalem.
Then, in 1948 everything
changed: Both the Jews and
Moslems- of Yemen saw the
creation of the state of Israel
as an expression of Divine
Providence. The first
Yemenite Jews came to Is-
rael 100 years ago at. the
same time as the first
Jewish immigrants from
Russia. Some 28,000 Yeme-
nites were -living in Israel
on the eve of World War H.
After Israel's War of Inde-
pendence, the authorities in
Yemen combined with the
state of Israel to transfer all
the remaining Jews of
Yemen to the ancient Prom-
ised Land.
In the process, the an-
cient patriarchal pat-
terns which the Jews of
Yemen had followed
without disturbance for
2,000 years were sud-
denly uprooted and
thrust into the context of
a high-pressured 20th
Century Western way of
life.
In transit camps, both
leaving Yemen and upon
arrival in Israel, they suf-
fered from basic shortages
and poor conditions. No rea-
son was often seen to
encourage their native tra-
ditions and it was fre-
quently felt necessary to
make them into "good
Zionists." Only belatedly
has it become generally rec-
ognized that the unsophisti-
cated Yemenites have a
great deal to teach the mod-
ernists.
"If culture is defined as
perfection of the soul, i.e. an
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instinctive, unerring moral
discernment and aesthetic
judgment, then the Yeme-
nite woman comes very
close to that ideal." That is
the view of Prof. S.D.
Goiten; -- leading Israeli
scholar and expert on
Jewish life in Islamic lands.
And Prof. Goiten stresses,
this special sensitivity was
developed despite the fact
that the religious as well as
the secular education of
Jewish women in Yemen
was severely restricted.
The very special cultural
development of Yemenite
Jews evidently conceals
deep motifs not yet fully re-
vealed and understood. Vir-
tually the entire commu-
nity of Jews from Yemen
immigrated en masse to Is-
rael in the years im-
mediately preceding and
following the foundation of
the Jewish state. However,
the process of "moderniza-
tion" has tended to blur the
continuity of certain unique
Yemenite customs which
the older generation
brought with them intact,
but which for many of the
Israeli-bred younger gener-
ation already belong to fad-
ing nostalgia.
Now a recent upsurge
of interest in Oriental
Jewish culture has been
based on the recognition
that the majority of the
population in Israel
todayhave their roots not
in the West and in the
European ghetto but in
the East and in the
Mediterranean mash.
Between 60,000-70,000
Yemenites came to Israel in
the massive aliya of 1948.
Known as Operation Magic
Carpet, the immigrants
themselves identified the
aliya-in-unison of all
Yemenite Jewry as "On
Eagles' Wings," in reference
of the prophecy of Isaiah
concerning the return of all
the exiled Children of Israel
at the time of the ultimate
Redemption.
To the immigrants from
small communities, back-
ward in their technological
understanding, who had
never seen a modern
airplane before their arrival
in Aden, capital of Yemen,
the trip to Israel may have
seemed like a supernatural
miracle.
However, the refugee
camps they lived in during
the transition were places
of tribulation and hardship.
Dwelling in tents through
the heat of summer and the
rains of winter, too often ar-
riving with malnutrition,
suffering from psychic and
social crisis, the traditional
patriarchal families were
forced to compromise with a
new social order based on
"functional" rather than
traditional values, accord-
ing to the study of
sociologist Hagith Rieger of
Hebrew University.
Most of the men could
find employment only as
construction workers,
working long hours for
The living need charity
- more than the dead.
—George Arnold
low pay. Traditional
Yemenite occupations
such as jewelry and em-
broidery could no longer
-be sustained.
The younger generation
strove, by and large, to
adapt to the strange values
of contemporary Israeli
society where religious
scholars could no longer
claim undisputed leader-
ship of the community. Clan
loyalty continued to play an
important-role but with the
sudden transition from an-
cient to modern culture, the
new possibilities opening up
for personal freedom and
mobility seemed to create
questions to which there
were not always traditional
answers.
The Yemenites have won
a reputation as fine workers
in whatever trades they
take up. They are known as
an ethnic-religious-social
group who have maintained
their values and traditions
in an atmosphere not al-
ways conducive to their way
of life.
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