26 Friday, July 3, 1981

THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS

JDC Role in Holocaust Recalled

Trojan

By BORIS SMOLAR

(Editor-in-chief emeritus, JTA)
(Copyright 1981, JTA, Inc.)

"Son of C. Trojan"

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wishing to know what
American Jewry did for
Jews in Europe during the
Holocaust period —
whether it had done all it
could — should read
"American Jewry and the
Holocaust," an excellent

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book by Prof. Yehuda
Bauer, published this week
by Wayne State University
Press. It was reviewed fully
in last week's Jewish News.
Based on solid research,
containing penetrating
analytical observations,
and vivdly written, the
520-page volume makes
impressive reading. It tells
with irresistible power the
tragic story of the catas-
trophe of the Jews in Europe
during the war years 1939-
1945,and presents a de-
tailed authoritative record
of the involvements of the
American Jewish commu-
nity — through the Ameri-
can Joint Distribution
Committee — in helping
country-by-country the
Jews trapped by the Nazis.
Prof. Bauer, who is one of
the world's foremost
Holocaust scholars — he is
the author of many books on
the Holocaust and its af-
termath — establishes that
American Jewry did not
contribute all the funds it
could to the Joint Distribu-
tion Committee relief and
rescue efforts in the years of
the destruction of European
Jewry by the Nazis.
At the same time he
emphasizes that the JDC
had nevertheless done an
herculean job with the
limited funds it secured
and that the JDC aid had
a moral effect upon the
Jews in the ghettoes and
concentration camps, in-
dicating to them that they
were not forgotten, and
giving them hope that
they might survive to
witness the fall of the
Nazi regime.
Contributions to the JDC
rose but only at the end of
the war. They were $20 mil-
lion in 1945, leaving the
JDC with a deficit of more
than $5 million. They then
jumped in 1946 to $58 mil-
lion; in 1947 to $63 million;
and in 1948 to $72 million.
But these were already
post-war years.
What caused the reduc-
tion in JDC income in the
war years, when the need of
Jews trapped by the Nazis
was the greatest?
Basically, Prof. Bauer

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said, it was the rise of a viru-
lent American anti-
Semitism in the late '30s
which made its mark in
1940-1951. A Gallop poll in
1938 indicated that 31 per-
cent of Americans-polled re-
plied that Jews had too
much power in the business
world and that steps should
be taken to prevent them
from accumulating it. More
than 10 percent expressed
the view that Jews should
be deported from the United
States. In 1942, a poll had
shown that 44 percent
thought that Jews had too
much power and influence
in America.
Many contributors ex-
pressed fear that spend-
ing too much money on
helping Jews overseas
might be detrimental to
the position of American
Jews. JDC fought vigor-
ously these sentiments.
Its office in New York
used every report out of
Europe and every effec-
tive speaker. There is no
question that it was not
the fault of the JDC that
American Jews failed to
respond.
It was obvious that the
JDC could not leave Polish
Jewry, and Jews in other
Nazi-held lands, without
any aid even after the U.S.
entered the war against
Germany. New ways had to
be found to reach the Jews
in these lands with aid.
Neutral Switzerland be-
came the lifeboat and "Un-
cle Sally" its captain.
The JDC, as an organiza-
tion of a belligerent coun-
try, moved its European
headquarters from Paris to
neutral Portugal. It was
from Lisbon that the very
able and venerated head of
the JDC operations over-
seas, Dr. Joseph Schwartz,
directed the JDC camouf-
laged relief work for Nazi-
trapped Jewish com-
munities in Europe. How-
ever, Lisbon was geograph-
ically far from the embat-
tled Jewish center in
Europe.
Dr. Schwartz ap-
proached Sally Mayer,
the head of the Federa-
tion of Jewish .com-
munities in Switzerland
to take upon himself — as
a Swiss-born citizen —
the burden of serving as
conduit of JDC funds to
Jewish groups in Nazi-
occupied Europe.
This Mr. Mayer — a very
modest man — did with ex-
traordinary devotion. He
became a legendary figure
nicknamed by Jews in
Nazi-held lands as "Uncle
Sally." He served as the link
between the JDC-Lisbon
and the Jewish com-
munities in most of Europe.
With the little money from
the JDC he had at his dis-
position, he managed to
supply not merely help but
also hope to Jews in the un-
precedented catastrophe.

Lawyers' Assoc.

DENVER (JTA) — An
Association of Jewish
lawyers has been formed in
Denver with headquarters
at the B.M.H. congregation.

Synagogue

vi
II
V:1
VIII III
IX
IV
X V

Services

ADAT SHALOM SYNAGOGUE: Services 6 p.m. today
and 9 a.m. Saturday. Alene Soloway, Bat Mitzva.
CONG. BETH ACHIM: Services 6 p.r . today and 8:45
a.m. Saturday. Howard Klausner and Mark Jeross,
Bnai Mitzva.
TEMPLE BETH EL: Services 5:30 p.m. today and 11 a.m.
Saturday. Rabbi Schwartz will speak on "My Country
'Tis of We." Bonnie Lantor, Bat Mitzva.
CONG. BNAI ISRAEL OF WEST BLOOMFIELD:
Services 8:30 a.m. Saturday. Arnold Finkelstein will
speak on "Independence." Cantor Earl Berris will be
the guest cantor.
CONG. BNAI MOSHE: Services 7 p.m. today and 8:45
a.m. Saturday. Dr. Melvyn Friedman will read the
Maftir.
DOWNTOWN SYNAGOGUE: Services 9 a.m. (new time)
Saturday. Rabbi Gamze will speak on "It Is an Honor to
Be a Citizen of the United States."
TEMPLE EMANU-EL: Outdoor services 8 p.m. today,
conducted by Mr. and Mrs. Walter Stark.
TEMPLE ISRAEL: Services 8:30 p.m. today. Rabbi Loss
will speak on "Israel: Here We Come Again." Brian
Goldman, Bar Mitzva. Services 11 a.m. Saturday.
Marla Lax and Mark Siegel, Bnai Mitzva.
CONG. T'CHIYAH: Services 7:45 p.m. today, conducted
by Dr. and Mrs. Ronald Poland.
Regular services will be held at Cong. Bais Chabad of
Farmington Hills, Cong. Bais Chabad of West Bloomfield,
Cong. Beth Abraham Hillel Moses, Cong. Beth Isaac of
Trenton, Temple Beth Jacob, Cong. Beth Shalom, Cong.
Beth Tefilo Emanuel Tikvah, Cong. Beth Tephilath Moses
of Mt. Clemens, Birmingham Temple, Cong. Bnai David,
Cong. Bnai Israel-Beth Yehudah, Cong. Bnai Jacob, Cong.
Bnai Zion, Cong. Dovid Ben Nuchim, Temple Kol Ami,
Livonia Jewish Congregation, Cong. Mishkan Israel
Nusach H'Ari, Sephardic Community of Greater Detroit,
Cong. Shaarey Shomayim (Jewish Center Jimmy Prentis
Morris Branch), Cong, Shaarey Zedek, Cong. Shomrey
Emunah, Cong. Shomrey Israel (18995 Schaefer), Cong.
Solel, Young Israel of Greenfield, Young Israel of Oak-
Woods and Young Israel of Southfield.

Columnist Backs Israel Raid

Syndicated columnist
John Roche, in Tuesday's
Detroit News, said that Is-
rael's bombing of Iraq's nu-
clear reactor on June 7 was
well justified.
Under the headline "Is-
rael Collects Overdue Bill,"
Roche wrote that Iraq has
been at war with Israel for
more than 30 years and Is-
rael has waited that long "to
send a bill to Baghdad."
Roche labelled the Iraqis
among the Arab "ul-
trarejectionists" of Israel
and added that the Israeli
attack must have brought
private cheers of joy to Iran,
Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
Roche also compared
the Israeli attack to the
allied raids during World
War II against a Nazi
"heavy water" factory in
Norway.
He concluded his column
by stating, "Now as the
howls go up at Foggy Bot-
tom and Turtle Bay, just re-
peat to yourself every half
hour: 'Iraq is at war with
Israel.'

Currency Hedge

TEL AVIV (ZINS) —
Currency speculators in Is-
rael have been favoring the
U.S. dollar and the Aust-
rian schilling as a hedge
against inflation.
In April, while no foreign
currency kept up with Is-
raeli inflation, the dollar
was the strongest currency,
rising 7.0 percent in value
against the Israeli shekel.
The schilling rose 6.7 per-
cent, the German mark and
Canadian dollar 6.4 per-
cent.

"That is the long and the
short of the whole matter.
War, after all, is played for
keeps and Iraq had an-
nounced its nuclear bombs
were reserved for 'the
Zionist entity." "

Kissinger Loses
Re-Election Bid

NEW YORK — Former
Secretary of State Henry
Kissinger has lost his seat
on the board of directors of
the Council on Foreign Re-
lations.
Six incumbent directors
were re-elected to the
foreign policy group along
with two new ones, former
Secretary of State Cyrus R.
Vance and Walter B. Wris-
ton, chairman and chief
executive officer of
Citibank.

In 4 Languages

NEW YORK (JTA) —
The magazine for children
published by Torah
Umesorah, "Olomeinu —
Our World," has been ex-
panded into- an interna-.
tional magazine, according
to Rabbi Yaakov Fruchter,
its managing editor. Now in
its 13th year, Olomeinu is
now published in English,
French, German and
Spanish.

Israeli Tuition

JERUSALEM (JNI) —
Average university tuition
in Israel is approximately
$500 per year. In terms of
the Israeli Shekel tuition at
the Hebrew University will
double next year.

