28 Friday, September 12, 1980
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
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Germans Who Fled Nazis Described
in Volume Compiled by Munich Institute
cov
est. 1919
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Birmingham, Mi. 48010
(313) 642-5575
LAWRENCE M. ALLAN
President
GEMOLOGIST DIAMONTOLOGIST
To all our
Friends & Clients
A Happy,
Healthy & Prosperous
NEW YEAR
EXCALIBUR
Hair Styling Salon
From The German Tribune
BONN — Half a million
Germans and Austrians
emigrated during the 12-
year Nazi rule in Germany.
The Institute for Con-
temporary History in
Munich has now compiled
and published the first biog-
raphic reference Nrrk of
post-1933 German emi-
grants.
It took more than seven
years of world-wide re-
search and delving into arc-
hives and personal corre-
spondence plus 16,000 ques-
tionnaires in five languages
to compile the 975-page
tome with the personal his-
tories of 4,000 public figures
in the fields of business and
politics who had to leave
Nazi Germany for political
or racial reasons.
This is to be followed in
1981-1982 by a further
volume (in English) with
the personal data of sci-
entists, writers and ar-
tists.
The project has been fi-
nanced jointly by the Ger-
man Research Society and
the Bonn Research Minis-
try. The Research Founda-
tion for Jewish Emigration
and an American institute
have cooperated in it.
Editor Werner Roeder
commented, "The necessity
to emigrate faced not only
the elite but all social
groups."
Emigration was as many
faceted as the German na-
tion as a whole. It even in-
°1iS°
Sar
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cluded renegade Nazis who
found themselves in the
same boat as their Jewish
compatriots.
But the Jewish element
was obviously in the
majority. It comprised
278,500 people. In 1939
alone, after the so-called
Reichskristallnacht
(crystal night, signifying
the broken glass that lit-
tered the streets when
Jewish shops had their
windows smashed and
the pogrom set in in ear-
nest) 78,000 Jews left
Germany.
The book describes the
thorny path of this biggest
migration in post World
War II German history,
based on individual de-
stinies.
In violation of its con-
stitution, wRich guarantees
asylum for political refu-
gees, the Soviet Union ac-
cepted very few emigrants.
Only 17 German Jews had
been admitted by 1941.
Eve1i staunch Communisits
had to undergo a stringent
screening process, and
many fell prey to a succes-
sion of purges.
Switzerland showed great
restraint in admitting
German Jews, while Swe-
den practiced an out-and-
out anti-Jewish immigra-
tion policy.
Britain accepted only
"transit immigrants" who
were shipped out to Au-
stralia or Canada as soon as
possible. Permanent resi-
dence permits were rarely
issued.
In mid-1940, 25,000
German Jews were interned
in hastily erected camps on
the Isle of Man. Even so, the
SPD executive board which
had been driven out of
Prague, managed to get
asylum in London in 1941.
South Africa closed its
gates as early as 1936, leav-
ing Mexico as the only over:
seas country to provide a
haven for a community of
German exiles.
Only Shanghai permitted
entry without visas.
The activities of emi-
grants were essentially di-
rected at enabling friends
they had left behind to leave
Germany and at helping
them along once they man-
aged to get out.
Fritz Heine, who was in-
strumental in developing
the post-war Social Demo-
cratic press, started two
German resistance move-
ments during the Nazi era,
which placed him in such
jeopardy that the SPD
executive board asked him
to go to Czechoslovakia in
the summer of 1933.
Heine printed Lithua-
nian passports during his
stay in still unoccupied
Marseilles to enable Ger-
man Jews to cross the bor-
der into Spain. But eventu-
ally he was uncovered and
had to discontinue the oper-
ation which had — to some
extent — been financed by
American trade unions.
Former MP Dr. Johannes
Schauff, who had been in-
strumental in bringing
about the agricultural re-
forms of the Weimar era and
had been driven out of the
country by the Nazis,
helped Catholics, Prot-
estants and industrialists
to get to Brazil. There, he
operated a settlement
named "Rolandia."
The Vatican lent a help-
ing hand by providing 2,000
visas.
Schauff said, "Pope Pias
XII personally gave me ab-
solution for having forged
baptismal certificates."
Many thousands of emi-
grants had to live at subsis-
tence level, depending on
social welfare and a solidar-
ity fund. Even so, the fight
against the Nazi regime
continued and was stepped
up whenever possible.
Some 5,000 Germans and
Austrians joined the Inter-
national Brigade in the
(Continued on Page 29)
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RALEIGH HOUSE
AUCTION
Making way for Raleigh Square Marketplace
Sunday, September 14th by DuMouchelle
Chandeliers: Brass, Crystal, Wrought Iron
Carved Wood Plaques
Paneling Side Brackets
Furniture: Hand Carved, Breakfront
Mirrors Carpeting
Accessories
Preview at 10 a.m.
Open Auctioning — Promptly at 12:00 Noon
Terms of Sale: Cash or Certified Check
All items must be removed by Sept. 16th
For information: 963-6255 or 963-0248