THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS

Dilemma of Israeli Minorities:
Loyalty to Israel or Arab Cause?

By GIDEON WEIGERT

World Zionist Press Service

In the 31 years of Israel's
statehood, its minorities
more than doubled in
number — from 110,000 to
close to half a million
people. The numbers of
their elected representa-
tives rose from two before
the first elections to the
Knesset to eight in the
_Math Knesset. And most
glikportant, their entire
structure and outlook has
undergone a revolutionary
change as they adopted
new, ever-changing pat-
terns.
Today, in an era of peace
with Egypt, yet mounting

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tensions with Jordan and
the Palestinian groupings
in other parts of the Arab
world, the problems of Is-
rael's -Arab citizens may be
described as a' mosaic of
hopes and disappointment,
of light and shadow.
During three major wars
fought by the Jewish state
(in 1956, 1967 and 1973), Is-
rael's Arabs time and again
proved their loyalty to the
state by donating blood and
money, volunteering for
civil defense and other-
emergency services.
In many economic and
development fields,
Arabs in the Jewish state
have witnessed the most
far-reaching changes
possible. Living
standards have risen be-
yond all comparison for
townsfolk and villagers
alike.
Every Arab and Druze
village is connected to a
piped water system, all
have all-weather roads, the
majority have electricity,
their health standards and
life expectation are the
highest in the entire Arab
world, doctor-patient ratio
is 1 to 500, compared to
1,475 in Lebanon and 3,865
in Syria.
Arab women have under-
gone a quiet revolution,
reaching even the conserva-
tive Druze society where
young village girls are em-
ployed in local, modern,
industrial enterprises and
act as chairmen of workers'
committees.
The long process of inte-
gration ( not assimilation)
has been particularly visi-
ble among the country's
Druze, living in 18 villages
in Galilee and on Mt. Car-
mel. In 1977 the first Druze
ex-soldier was elected to Is-
rael's Knesset (Druze and
Circassians serve in Israel's
Army on a compulsory
basis, while Moslems and
Christians may volunteer
for the armed forces). Today
there are three Druz MKs,
all Israeli ex-servicemen.
Yet along with the light
comes the shadow ... a
mosaic of trial and error.
Pressure from the sur-
rounding Arab world on
Israeli Arabs to show
their loyalty to the "na-
tional Palestinian cause"
has caused a growing
radicalization but Israeli
Arabs also point to inter-
nal reasons for continued
frustration.
They note the absence of
an Arab cabinet member, or
even a deputy minister.
Arab and Druze intellectu-
als have not yet been able to
occupy senior executive
posts in the Establishment:
they demand than an Arab,
not a Jew, should head Is-
rael's Arabic services in the
media, in the Arab depart-
ments of the Histadrut, in
the Labor and other parties.
The failure to promote in-
dustry in the Arab sector on
an adequate scale is another
cause for complaint and one
of the reasons why so many
Arab villagers have to
travel long distances to
work:

Continued expropriation
of land in Galilee had re-
sulted in 1975 in the first
armed clashes bel ween se-
curity forces and he Arab
population, with t le loss of
six Arab lives ("La ad Day").
The 30-year-old p •oblem of
resettlement of Israel's
50,000 Bedouii in the
Negev has been permitted
for too long to cal se friction
widely exploited for politi-
cal purposes i aside the
country itself a id causing
Israel's image aaroad seri-
ous damage.
The problem of the vil-
lagers of Ikrit and Baram
on the Lebanese border,
who in the 1950's won
their case in Israeli High
Court to be permitted to
return to their villages,
evacuated during the
1948 war, has not been
solved.
Finally, "the Israeli eco-
nomic establishment has so
far failed to make the neces-
sary effort to co-opt Arabs,
and the Histadrut's excep-
tion," the head of the Arab.
department of the Histad- -
rut charged recently. -Mr.
Yaakov Cohen added that
in the federation's Hevrat
Ha'ovdim there were "only
five or six Arab employees."
There is still a long road
to complete equality for Is-
rael's half a million Arabs,
to a situation in which they
will feel themselveg full
partners in their home
state. Yet, in the fall of 1979
there are signs that Israeli
public opinion has a more
favorable view of Israel's
Arabs and much of the sus-
picion, widespread before
the 197 3 war, has been al-
layed. -

SY GINSBERG & AL WINKLER

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A HAPPY, HEALTHY
and PROSPEROUS
NEW YEAR

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Produced by Irvin Feld and Kenneth Feld

.

Israel Emigres
in South Africa

JERUSALEM (ZINS) —
Some 2,000 Israelis are
emigrating each month,
Knesset Aliya Committee
chairman Ronnie Milo said.
The Aliya Committee was
told that the special incen-
tives and material conces-
sions granted to Israelis re-
turning from abroad, under
the scheme marking the
30th anniversary of the
state, had not produced
meaningful results.
In 1977, 6,000 returned,
and in 1978 only 5,100 came
back.
In Johannesburg, South
Africa, the Star newspaper
last month reported that
"applications from Israelis
for tourist visas to South Af-
rica have increased so far
this year by 38 percent ac-
cording to embassy officials.
No exact number was avail-
able but 'many thousands'
are involved," the news-
paper reported.
"Currently there are
some 20,000 Israelis living
illegally in South Africa.
First they reportedly went
as tourists, to the U.S.,
Britain and Australia and
when their visas there ex-
pired (or when they were
evicted) they managed to
get to South Africa," said
the report.

Friday, September 21, 1979 61

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