16 Friday, September 1, 1919

THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS

New Isaiah Friedman Volume Worthy Contribution to Zionist History

Freedom
from want, insecurity,
hopelessness — that's
ORT, the vocational
training program of the
Jewish people.

By ALLEN A. WARSEN

The founding in 1893 of
the Cologne Association for
the Promotion of Agricul-
ture and Industry in Pales-
tine (Kolner Verein zur
Forderung von Ackerbau
and Handwert in Palestina)
marks the beginning of the
Zionist movement in Ger-
many, states Isaiah Fried-
man, the author of "Ger-

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many, Turkey and Zionism:
1897-1918," published by
the Oxford University
Press.
Max Bodenheimer and
David Wolffson were the
association's founders.
Bodenheimer describes his
becoming a Zionist as fol-
lows:
"It was like a light that
suddenly broke forth within
me. The remarkable char-
acter of this phenomenon
shook my whole being. I felt
like a slave for whom the
road to liberty suddenly
opens, like a prisoner who
by a miracle finds the tool to
break the chains. The state
of mind into which this
thought transported me can
hardly be described.
"Whereas shortly be-
fore I had wrestled with
the deCision to abandon
Judaism and seek refuge
from Jew-hatred in new
surroundings where my
origin was unknown, I
was now filled with a holy
zeal to serve the cause of
my people. Perhaps it
came from the fact that I
suddenly recognized the
futility of such an assimi-
lation for the people as a
whole, perhaps also be-
cause my feeling of honor
resisted such a flight

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ficials and the help given
them by the German Am-
bassador Conrad Freiherr
von Wingenheim and the
American Ambassador
Henry Mongethau.
It is well to remember the
instruction President
Woodrow Wilson gave
Henry Morgenthau upon
appointing him ambassador
to Turkey: "Remember that
anything you can do to im-
prove the lot of your co-
religionists is an act that
will reflect credit upon
America, and you may
count on the full power of
the administration to back
you up."
Of immense historic
significance were the ac-
tivities of the German
Zionist leaders during
the war. Friedman de-
lineates these activities
thus: "Though primarily;
concerned
with
safeguarding
the
`yishuv,' by maintaining
good relations with offi-
cials and the press, they
inadvertently created an
atmosphere of competi-
tion among the Powers
thus indirectly accelerat-
ing the decision-making
process in Paris and
London."

This rivalry between the
Powers was a major factor
that led to the issuance of
the Balfour Declaration.
"Germany, Turkey and
Zionism: 1897-1918" is
meticulously researched;
draws the reader into his-
toric issues; and is an im-
portant contribution to the
history of Zionist diplo-
macy.

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from the community into
which I had been born .. .
the change was inex-
plicable."
Historically, Helmuth
von Moltke was the first
prominent German to
realize Palestine's strategic
importance for Germany.
He advocated that .Pales-
tine's control "be handed
over to a sovereign prince of
the German nation,' ' and
that Germany "seize the
opportunity of extending
her civilization . . . energy
and industry . . . beyond the
German frontier."
But unlike hi'S contem-
porary, Lord Palmerston,
who wished to settle Jews in
Palestine under the Sul-
tan's protection, von Moltke
"advocated direct (German)
control of Palestine without
any reference to the Jews."
Another distinguished
German interested in
Palestine was von Tatten-
bach, the German minister
to Berne. He became at-
tracted to the Zionist idea
during the First Zionist
Congress held in Basle in
1897 and briefed the Ger-
man government exten-
sively on its proceedings.
Kaiser Wilhelm II, too,
was concerned with the
Zionist cause. In a letter
to his uncle, the Grand
Duke of Baden, he wrote:
"The fundamental idea of
Zionism has always in-
--terested me and even
aroused my sympathy. I
have come to the conclu-
sion that here we have to
deal with a question of
the most far reaching im-
portance." He concluded
the lenghy letter: "I shall
intercede with the Sul-
tan, for the Scripture
says, 'Make friends even
with unjust Mammon'
and_ 'Be ye wise as ser-
pents and harmless as
doves.' "
However, the Sultan'.s
opposition to Jewish coloni-
zation in Palestine cooled
the Kaiser's concern for
Zionism.
Thorough is Friedman's
description of the unbeara-
ble jiving conditions of the
Palestinian Jews during the
First World War. He depicts
their struggles, the persecu-
tions of the local Turkish of-

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Many of the fish found in
Israel's supermarkets and
fish stores come from Lake
Kinneret (The Sea of
Galilee).
The lake itself is less then
20 square miles in area and
only 150 feet at its deepest.
How can such a tiny lake
produce so much yet still
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Israelis who fish the
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the lake is strictly con-
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Three hundred fishermen
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that number have applied
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waiting.
The fishermen's boats are
docked in both ends of the
Jordan River.

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