Detroit's Prof. Gutmann a Contributor to Jewish Culture Volume
ALUMINUM SIDING
By ALLEN A. WARSEN
545.1110
"Aspects of Jewish Cul-
ture in the Middle Ages"
(State University of New
York Press), edited by Paul
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E. Sharmach, consists of
papers read at the eighth
annual conference of the
Center for Medieval and
Early Renaissance Studies
at the State University at
Binghamton.
The participants included
Prof. Yosef Hayim
Yerushalmi, Rosemary
Radford Reuther and
Joseph Gutmann.
Prof. Yerushalmi of Har-
vard University in his eru-
dite study "Medieval Jewry:
From Within and From
Without" points out that the
medieval Christian Heb-
raists regarded Jews only as
candidates for conversion.
They studied rabbinic liter-
ature, the Talmud and the
Midrash with the intention
eithet to unearth "evidence
in favor of Christianity and
for materials for ridicule
and vituperation."
Even men of the
Enlightenment did not ,
regard Jews as active
participants in man's his-
tory. Diderot, for in-
stance, who attacked the
Inquisition throughout
his carrer, "never men-
tioned the Marranos of
Spain and Portugal."
Characteristically, in the
19th Century, historians
became concerned with
every aspect of man's past
except that of the Jews.
There were exceptions.
They were: George Dep-
ping, author of -"Les juifs
dans le moyen-age (1839),
Hendrik Koenen, author of
"Gesch-iedenis der Joden in
Nederland" (1834), and
Otto Stobbe, author of "Die
Juden in Deutschland
wahrend des Mittelanters"
(1866).
The author asserts that
the Jews "throughout the
medieval world maintained
a civilization, as com-
prehensive in its way, as
anything in Christendom or
Islam." He claims that the
medieval Jewish commu-
nity was rich in historical
experiences and memories,
and assures the historians
who will avail themselves of
the prolific records found in
Eurdpean archives "will
find abundant rewards."
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In her penetrating paper
"The Adversus Judaeos
Tradition in the Church
Fathers: the Exegesis of
Christian Anti-Judaism"
Prof. Reuther of Garrett-
Evangelical Theological
Seminary and Northwest-
ern University analyzes the
Christian Fathers,' con-
struction of the Hebrew Bi-
ble, and examines the na-
ture, ramifications and ef-
fects of the "Adversus
Judaeos" tradition. She ob-
serves that the term "Old
Testament" is a "Christ-
ological and anti-Judaic
`midrash' on the Jewish
scriptures."
- She catalogues the
"Adversus Judaeos" lit-
erature, including the
writings. of Cyrpian's
"Three Books of Tes-
timonies Against ,the
Jews," the "Contra
Judaeos" by the Sixth-
Century Spanish Father,
Isadore of Seville, and
the "Selected Tes-
timonies from the Old
Testament Against the
Jews" by Pseudo-Nyssa.
The author claims that
the purpose of these writ-
ings was to discredit the
rabbinic interpretation of
the Bible and "to build up a
case against the Jewish
religious community in
order to confirm its own
faith as the authentic cul-
mination of the Jewish reli-
gious tradition."
Prof. Reuther describes
the Christian theology's
contemptuous chaf-
acterizations of the Jewish
people and points out its dis-
tortions and falsifications of
the biblical text.
No wonder, Prof. Reuther
urges the Church to re-
examine thordughly and
completely its theology.
Rabbi - Guttmann,
Wayne State University
professor and art histo-
rian, in an illuminating
study," Medieval Jewish
Image: Controversies,
Contributions, Concep-
tions" explores medieval
Jewish art.
Prof. Gutmann com-
mences his study by refut-
ing the assertion that the
"Second Commandment is
an unchanging concept in a„
static Jewish culture." To
the contrary. He maintains
"that dynamic Judaism,
over its 3,000-year history,
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spawned many diverse
types of Judaism, and with a
different interpretation of
the Second Command-
ment."
He stresses that medieval
Jewish and Christian art
mutually influenced and
benefited each other. He as-
serts, "There can be little
doubt that one of the great
contributions of Judaism to
Christian art (and, it may
be added, to Muslim art as
well) is-the great storehouse
of Jewish legendary lore
which was taken over by
Christianity and Islam and
creatively adapted to suit
their own unique tradi-
tions." For instance, the
legends about Abraham and
Terah provided the illus.:
trators of medieval Chris-
tian manuscripts with ideas
and inspiration. Similarly,
drawings, such as the Last
Judgment,
influenced
Jewish art as exemplified
by the "Messianic Ban-
quet," an illustration in a
13th Century Bible.
Prof. Gutmann's pro-
found study is enhanced by
numerous illustrations and
copious notes.
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