36 Friday, February 16, 1919
Disco Parties by
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
Korczak Memorialized on Anniversary of His Birth
By GITTA SILBER
World Zionist Organization
JERUSALEM — The
time — Wednesday, Aug. 5,
1942, in the middle of World
War - II. The place — the
Warsaw Ghetto in Nazi-
occupied Poland. An elderly
man, holding a child in his
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Dan Sandberg
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arms, marches calmly at the
head of about 200 children
of the Jewish ghetto
through the streets that
lead to the - assembly point,
"Umschlagplatz," from
where Jews are sent to their
death in the gas chambers of
Treblinka.
The man was Dr. Janusz
Korczak and this was the
tragic end of his heroic
struggle for the physical
survival of his 200 homeless
Jewish orphans in the
ghetto.
The famous Jewish-
Polish author and eminent
pedagogue, whose 100th
anniversary is now being
universally marked, be-
came director of a Jewish
orphanage in 1911 and re-
tained the post for the rest of
his life, devoting -himself
entirely to children. He in-
troduced what were then
revolutionary concepts such
as self-government and a
regular newspaper by and
for his. pupils.
Side by side with his
educational work he was
also a prolific writer.
Based on his experiences,
Korczak wrote mostly on
pedagogical subjects, his
most comprehensive
book being "How Does
One Love a Child?"
(1920-21), an educational
masterpiece.
With the rise of Hitler
and the growth of anti-
Semitism in Poland,
Korczak's Jewish con-
sciousness deepened and he
took a growing interest in
Eretz Yisrael, becoming a
member of the Jewish
Agency. leadership. He vis-
ited the Holy Land twice —
in 1934 and in 1936 — stay-
ing for some time at Kibutz
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Ein Harod.
He was highly impressed
by the kibutz movement's
educational a-nd social
achievements. But for his
responsibility towards his
wards in the orphanage, he
would in all probability
have settled in Palestine.
Seven visits, conversations,
flights of steps, interroga-
tions. The result: five zlotys
and a pledge of five others
every month. And on that
I'm supposed to keep 200
souls alive!"
And from the Warsaw
Ghetto diary of Adam
"Janusz Korczak and Children," a monument at
Jerusalem's Yad Vashem memorial sculpted by a
young Russian immigrant, Baruch Sakcier.
In 1939, Poland was in- Czerniakov: "... he
vaded by the Germans. (Korczak) asked Wedel
Though he was a physician (the owner of a chocolate
and 61 years of age, Korczak factory) to sell him 50
put on his uniform. This was kilograms of beans.
the fourth war in which he When Wedel apologized
that he was forbidden to
participated.
The Nazis at once dif- sell to Jews, Korczak
ferentiated between the answered: 'In that case,
Jews and the rest of the let me have them as a
population. In the bigger gift'."
Meanwhile, the stage was
centers they concen-
trated the Jews in ghet- being set for the Nazi plan
for the physical extermina-
tos.
In 1940, the orphanage tion of European Jewry,
was transferred to the War- graced in Nazi terminology
- saw Ghetto into which the with the name "the final
solution of the Jewish ques-
Nazis herded over half-a-
million' Jews and sealed tion."
Repeated endeavors, in-
them off from the outside
world. Mortality soared as a cluding a last-minute effort
result of mass overcrowd- before his death, were made
ing, unemployment, starva- • by Polish admirers to have
tion, cold and epidemics. By Korczak agree to be smug-
the summer of 1942, gled out of the ghetto. He
100,000 Jews had died in refused disdainfully to
the ghetto proper. Con- abandon his charges.
And so came the 5th of
sequently, the ghetto area
was continually narrowed August, 1942. Korczak re-
and the orphanage had to ceived the Nazi deportation
move three times to stay order. He tells his children
to get ready for a picnic in
within its confines.
Korczak tried to protect the country. They leave the
his children as much as was orphanage and walk for a
humanly possible under mile, their last walk, led by
Korczak and his faithful as-
these horrifying conditions,
determined that life must sistant of many years,
Stafania Wilczynska. All
go on. The children con-
along, the adults give hope
tinued to study and played
their usual games. Despite and courage to their wards.
Now they reach the
constant Nazi surveillance,
"Umschlagplatz" where
cultural and social ac-
tivities continued the the cattle trucks wait for
them, bound for the Treb-
ghetto.
Korczak's biggest prob- linka death camp.
An eye-witness who
lem was how to keep his
worked at the first aid sta-
wards alive and well-
nourished. He wrote in his tion in the "Umschlagplatz"
diary: "I came back crushed recounts: ". . they kept
packing them in and there
from making the rounds.
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was still room left. Urged on
by the whips, Lnore an
more people were jammed
into the cars.
"Suddenly Schmerlin
the sadistic ghetto police o
ficer whom the Germaixj
had put in charge of the
"Umschlagplatz" — com-
manded that the children
brought to the cars. Korcza
went at their head. I'll never
forget that sight to the en
of my life. It wasn't just
man entering a railwa c
riage it was a si
organized protest
the murderers, a march the
like of which no human e
had ever seen before.
"The children went four
by-four. Korczak went first
with his head high, leadin
a child with each hand. The
second group was led
Stefa Wilczynska. Th
went to their death with a
look full of contempt for
their assassins. When the
ghetto policemen s
Korczak, they snapped to
attention and saluted. 'Who
is that man?' asked the
Germans."
Who, indeed? In his life,
Janusz Korczak was
legend and in his death he
seemed to be a saint. In t
indescribably tragic period
of the Holocuast, Korczak
was an authentic Jewish
hero.
Rio Will Hay
Jewish Mayor
RIO DE JANEIRO (JTA)
— Dr. Israel Klabin, a lead-
ing Brazilian industrialiSt,
will take office as mayor
March 15, the first Jew to
hold that post in the 46() :
year history of Rio d
Janeiro. He was appoint ,-
by Governor-elect Chacas
Freitas of Rio de Janeiro
State. I ' -
Klabin, 53, stems from ,
traditional Jewish famil
that settled in Brazil earl-
in the century. Hi
grandfather was born
Vilna. Klabin heads Klabi
Industries, a major corpo
tion that owns paper mil
and manufactures cellulos
and glazed tiles. - s-
He has been active i
Jewish community affair
and served as an adviseit
the Israeli government o
several occasions.
Klabin participated
the so-called "mil
lionaires conference"
Israel's economic de
40 n
velopment co
th
some years ago,
late Finance MI a
Pinhas Sapir. Klabin
also a member of
board of governors.,
Hebrew University -
,
Jerusalem.
The Governor-elect h
also named a Jewish jou
nalist, Arnaldo Niskier,
as secretary of education i
the State government.
Engineers Nee
HAIFA (ZINS) — Am.
Horev, president of t
Technion - Israel Insti
of Technology, predicts1
rael will have a shortage -
nearly 10,000 engineera-
1985.