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Bronfman, head of the Gaucho Basketball Fund and wife of the chairman of the Seagram Co. Friday, August 25, 1918 53 French Attitude Toward Israel By EDWIN EYTAN (Copyright 1978, JTA, Inc.) PARIS — Something has changed in France. The government's former anti- Israeli and pro-Arab policy has given way to a new and more balanced approach while popular support for Israel, eroded throughout the rest of Western Europe, is on the rise in France. Gone are the old anti-Israeli declarations, the "moral" sermons and the diplomatic initiatives which invariably turned to Israel's disadvan- tage. French diplomats now try to keep a discreet silence when the Middle East comes up for discussion at the United Nations or when the foreign ministers of the nine European Economic Community (EEC) member countries meet to map out their joint policies. President Valery Giscard d'Estaing and his administ- ration no longer mention a "Palestinian state" and government spokesmen use "ifs" and "buts" nowadays when talking about an Is- raeli withdrawal from oc- cupied territories. During Saudi Arabian King Khalid's state visit to France last May, France in spite of its dependence on Saudi money and oil, re- fused to issue a joint com- munique on the Middle East. The French declaration, released just as the king was about to leave France, was silent on the points which the Saudis had been pressing, such as Israel's withdrawal and the crea- tion of a Palestinian state, and reiterated France's support of UN Resolutions 242 and 338 which Saudi Arabia has always opposed. Giscard himself, in a television interview at the time of the meeting between Israeli Premier Menahem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat in Ismailia last December, stressed that France's position is fundamentally different from that of the Arab states. Two weeks later, on Jan. 5, Giscard for the first time backed the basic Israeli stand that a Middle East settlement can be reached only by the area's belligerent countries without out- side interventions or pressures. It was a far cry from former French attempts, mainly in the days of the late President Georges Pompidou, to advocate "Big Four powers" consultations on the Middle East. French news media are now openly supporting Is- rael's case. The major na- tional dailies as well as radio and television sta- tions report on Israel's stand with sympathy and understanding. The press almost daily recalls that Is- rael is the only country in the world to help Lebanon's Christians in their time of .need. More and more Fren- chmen tend to view Israel as "reasonable" in its demands for security and guarantees and Israeli Premier Begin enjoys an unique popularity in this formerly anti-Israeli state. Public opinion polls have regularly revealed a strong, latent anti-Arab sentiment in the French public. While this animos- ity has existed since the days of the Franci-Algerian War in the late 1950s and early 1960s as a well- repressed feeling, it is cur- rently emerging more openly. The Arab terrorist ac- tivities in Paris, the shoot-outs with the police, the French dead and wounded, have pro- voked a wave of anti- Arab antagonism all over the country. The one mill- ion French unemployed, over five percent of the French total labor force, while some two million North African Arabs w,ork in France, has con- tributed to further fan this sentiment. The popu- lar press, often to the in- dignation of liberal ele- ments, including many Jews, gives daily reports of violence committed by some of these Arab "guest workers." The Arab cause has never been so unpopular in Fr- ance as these days. - France's official policy would not have changed, however, without the ap- proval of Giscard d'Estaing. It is part of his global world conception and the role he has set for France to play in world affairs. Circles close to Elysee Palace told the Jewish Telegraphic Agency that Giscard informed them soon after his election of his conception of the role Fr- ance should play. The souree3 say that it took him, however, some two years to crystalize his views and start applying them con- cretely. This new concept became evident earlier this year when France intervened in Africa, in Chad, Djibuti and more recently when it flew paratroopers to Zaire, the former Belgian Congo. French planes and com- mando units are still operating in Mauritania, threatened by an Algerian-backed "Libera- tion Front," and French units are serving with the United Nations forces in Lebanon. It all seems part of a new concept which sees France as the Western country with the main polit- ical and military responsi- bility for the Mediterranean world, including part of Af- rica and the Christian Mid- dle East. Giscard d'Estaing be- lieves that a medium power like France is best adapted to stop Soviet infiltration in these areas. This new ap- proach has pitched French interests against those of some of the more extremist Arab states. French troops in Chad and Mauritania are fighting guerrilla forces armed and trained, by Algeria and Libya and French troops in Djibouti might soon have to face a similar threat. This situation has shown the French that the Arab world is actu- ally a universe of conflict- ing and often warring parties. The shoot-outs in Paris between Palesti- nians of different organi- zations as well as the Palestinian attack on the Iraqi Embassy have helped to prove what had been till this summer a semi-political intellectual speculation. Current French policy is to try and work out pragmatic bilateral relations with each of the Arab coun- tries separately. Israeli diplomats in Paris are nearly unanimous in their estimation that Fr- ance's current Middle East policy has drastically changed. They are, how- ever, divided in their analysis of its motivation. Some believe the change to be strictly "tactical" and motivated by Giscard's de-• sire to avoid all friction with Israel and with pro-Jewish public opinion in America so as to have a free hand in Africa and possibly at a later date in the Middle East. These diplomats stress that France is going ahead in participating in the crea- tion of an Arab arms indus- try in Egypt and Saudi Arabia and increasingly re- lies on Saudi Arabia's fi- nancial help and promises of increased economic assis- tance. French technicians are ah eady at work in both Cairo and Riyadh, par- ticipating in the creation of the industrial infras- tructure which will turn out in two or three years time French-designed Mirage 2000 combat planes and a large vari- ety of deadly missiles. These diplomats believe that the current change in Franco-Israeli rela- tions is only a lull. Others, including Israeli Ambassador Mordechai Gazit, believe that what- ever France's ulterior mo- tives, the current change can be and should be strengthened. These dip- lomats believe that France is now pursuing for the first time in 20 years a new pol- icy in the Middle East and that Israel should seize this occasion to strengthen its - relations with Paris in all available fields. The first available oppor- tunity for such a reconsid- eration of Franco-Israeli ties will be during Begin's expected official visit to Paris towards the end of the year. Israeli Foreign Minis- ter Moshe Dayan is also ex- pected here possibly in Sep- tember. For both men it will be a chance to- re-examine the entire context of Israel's relations with Western Europe and France at a time when the ties between Jerusalem and Washington are severely strained.