THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS

32 Friday, July 7,1978

Modern Hebrew Marks Its 100th Anniversary Year

ARRY FREEDMAN

rtdit stre sad Estectainonnt

647-2367

By ABE KRAMER
Israel Digest

speaking their own lan-
guage in their own land was
reborn 100 yearsago— that
certain moment in 1878
when a frail young man of
20 was inspired by an idea
and wrote down his dream
in flaming words.
The young man, Polish-
born Eliezer Yitzhak
Perelman, conceived his
idea in the wake of the
Russo-Turkish war of
1877-78. Studying in Paris
at the time, he was impre-
ssed with the struggle of the
Balkan nations for libera-
tion.
Antedating Theodore
Herzl by two decades, he
thought: "Why not the
Jewish people too? Why
should not Jews return to
their historic homeland and
their historic language?"
As he was to write
years later, "In those
days, it was as if the
heavens had suddenly
opened, and a clear, in-
candescent light flashed
before my eyes, and a
mighty inner voice
sounded in my ears: the
renascence. of Israel on
its ancestral soil!"
His essay that was pub-
lished a century ago under

The concept of the Jew

Photography
Photo graph

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BEN-YEHDDA
the title "A Burning Ques-
tion" (She'alah Lohatah),
and bore for the first time
the pen name he had cho-
sen, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
(son of Judea), anticipated
the fundamental principles
of both spiritual and practi-
cal Zionism.
"If in truth," he wrote,
"each and every nation is
entitled to defend its na-
tionality and protect itself
from extinction, then logi-
cally we, the Hebrews, also
must have that same right.
Why should our lot be
meaner than that. of all
others? . .
"And now the time has
come for us, the Hebrews, to
do something positive. Let
us create a society for the
purchase of land in Eretz
Yisrael, for the acquisition
of everything necessary for
agriculture, for the division
of the land among the Jews
already present and those
desiring to emigrate there,
and for the provision of
funds necessary for those
who cannot establish them-
selves independently."
But whereas Herzl and
the other later organizers
of- the world Zionist
movement gave no
thought to language, en-
visaging an Israel that
would not necessarily
have to have Hebrew as
its national tongue,
Eliezer Ben - Yehuda
stated unequivocally:
"I have decided that in
order to have our own land

and political life, it is also

necessary that we have a
language to hold us to-
gether. That language is
Hebrew, but not the Hebrew
of the rabbis and scholars.
We must have a Hebrew
language in which we can
conduct the business of life
. .
He not only enunciated
this goal; it became his per-
sonal mission which he fol-
lowed through with the
fanatical zeal the task cal-
led for, in the face of tre-
mendouS resistance, obsta-
cles, vilification, and perse-
cution from all sides.
He came to Eretz Yisrael
in 1881, settled in
Jerusalem and his home be-
came the first in the land to
speak nothing but Hebrew
— a rule he almost tyrani-
cally enforced. His first son,
Ben-Zion (later Itamar
Ben-Avi) was the first child
to grow up speaking only
Hebrew as his native ton-
gue.
Soon after he arrived in
Jerusalem, Eliezer Ben-
Yehuda began to compile
the first modern Hebrew
dictionary, researching,
unearthing ancient Heb-

rew words, creating new
ones for modern terms
based on authentic deri-
vations, - with a
thoroughness and dedi-
cation that made the
work not merely a dictio-
nary but a monumental
thesaurus — a complete
reference source for the
Hebrew language.
After laboring for a quar-
ter of a century, attended by
every imaginable kind of
difficulty, the first volume
was published of the "Com-
plete Dictionary of Ancient
and Modern Hebrew."
Four more volumes were
to be published in his
lifetime.
For three decades after
his death his widow and
family continued the work,
with the aid of committees
of scholars using the mate-
rial that Ben-Yehuda him-
self had already researched
and collected, to complete
eleven more volumes.
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, who
had been told at 20 that he
was tubercular and proba-
bly had not much time left,

lived until 1922.
One of the great early
pioneers of Israel, he is
memorialized as the father
of modern Hebrew which is
now recognized to have
been, as he foresaw, it, the
indispensable cementing
force needed to bind to-
gether the Jewish people
into a nation.

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