THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
54 Friday, July 8, 1977
Israel Prof. Tells Why Fish Swim in Schools
HAIFA—Why do fish trav-
el in schools? Why do other
forms of marine life propel
themselves through bursts
of energy followed by glid-
ing rather than by contin-
uous exertion of force?
A Technion—Israel In-
stitute of Technology scien-
tist examining these phe-
nomena has come to the
conclusion that these ani-
mals behave the way they
do in order to conserve
power. His findings could
have applications leading to
energy savings in the oper-
ation of aircraft and marine
vehicles.
• Dr. Daniel Weihs of Tech-
nion's Aeronautical Engi-
neering Faculty, who began
his investigations in this
area several years ago, re-
cently completed, a study to
determine the possible ad-
vantages of the pulsed jet
locomotion of marine life
over continuous jet emis-
sion. The latter is employed
in aircraft.
Salps, cephalopods and
jellyfish have evolved
means of movement by jet
propulsion. This propulsive
jet is, with few exceptions,
produced in pulses, i.e.
bursts of energy followed
by gliding, Dr. Weihs ex-
plained.
"By moving in bursts and
glides it is possible to work
at your most efficient
power or just glide. There-
fore, on the average, you
save energy and make the
best use of that produced,"
Dr. Weihs said.
Earlier, Dr. Weihs used
his expertise in fluid me-
chanics to tackle the ques-
tion of why fish swim in
schools. He found that "the
symmetry of fish swim-
ming patterns is the secret
of hydromechanical effi-
ciency that enables the
school to outswim the indi-
vidual fish."
He noted that most fish
propel themselves through
the water through thrusts
produced by sideways os-
cillations of the body and
tail fin.
"This wake produces a
current opposite to the di-
rection of swimming di-
rectly behind the fish, and
a flow in the direction of
swimming on both sides. As
a result, a fish swimming
to the back and one side of
the first fish will be moving
at a lower speed relative to
the water and will require
less energy to keep up with
the leader."
Thus the second row will
be able to save energy if
each fish swims behind a
gap in the first row. The
vortex streets from the first
two rows cancel each other
out and the third row is in
a similar position to the
first, while the fourth row
will again operate at an
energy saving.
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Esther Kutnick, Former
Educator, Dies in Natanya
Services for former De-
troiter Esther Goldberg Kut-
nick, an educator in the De-
troit Public Schools for 30
years and who was active
in Zionist ranks with her
husband, Aaron, were held
last Friday at Kibutz Urim
in Israel.
Mrs. Kutnick, 67, made
aliya in 1971 following her
retirement. Active with her
husband in educational cir-
cles. Mrs. Kutnick also was
active in Pioneer Women,
the Labor Zionist Alliance
and Adat Shalom Syna-
gogue in Detroit. She lived
in Natanya, Israel, at the
time of her death.
Besides her husband.
Mrs. Kutnick is survived by
three sons, Jerry and
Bruce, both of Boston,
Mass.. and. Daniel of Is-
rael; a daughter, Ora Arga-
man of Israel; three sis-
ters, Mrs. Rachel Wolfe
and- Mrs. Jean Zeifman,
both of Dayton, and Mrs.
Lee Robins of Detroit; and
seven grandchildren.
Anna Finkel, 84
Anna Finkel, an active
member of Jewish commu-
nal organizations, died July
5 at age 84.
Born in Russia, Mrs. Fin-
kel was a member of the
Eva Prenzlauer Maternity
Society, a board member of
the United Hebrew Schools,
the Jewish National F 1,
Jewish Home for the
and Sinai Hospital Guild
and a charter and honorary
member of Cong. Shaarey
Zedek.
She leaves two sons, Da-
vid H. and Irving _J.; dau.
ghter, Mrs. Arnold (Char-
lotte) Monash; eight grand-
children and two great-
grandchildren.
c
Goldie Lerman, Dies, 55
Mrs. Goldie Lerman, an
active member of Jewish
communal and women's or-
ganization, died July 4 at
age 55.
Born in Toledo, Ohio,
Mrs. Lerman lived 52 years
in Detroit. She was a mem-
ber of Temple Emanu-El
and its sisterhood, Bnai
Brith and Wothen's Ameri-
can ORT. She was a past
president of the Huntington
Woods Group of Hadassah
and active in efforts for the
Allied Jewish Campaign.
She leaves her husband,
Henry; a daughter,Paulette;
two sons, Mark and Joel;
her mother, Mrs. Adolph
(Rose) Lichter; three broth-
ers, Dr. Max Lichter, Sey-
mour Lichter and Harry
Lichter; and two sisters,
Mrs. Charles (Martha)
Ornstein and Mrs. Morris
(Billie) Dresner.
Ex-Detroiter Robert Scholnick
Robert Maurice Scholn-
ick, a former men's cloth-
ing merchant on Livernois
Ave. in Detroit, died recent-
ly in Los Angeles where he
had been making his home.
Mr. Scholnick is survived
by his wife, Josephine; a
son, Bruce; two daughters,
Mrs. Nan Parker and Mrs.
Penny LaPort; two broth-
ers, Reuben and Nathan;
three sisters, Mrs. Joseph
(Rose) Ostro, Mrs. Charles
(Mollie) Lapis and Mrs.
Alfred (Muriel) Meyers;
and two grandchildren. In-
terment Los Angeles.
Politically-Motivated Violence
Breaks Out in Mea Shearim
JERUSALEM—Gerer
Hasidim are suspected of
raiding the Naturei Karta
headquarters on two succes-
sive nights last week, set-
ting the premises on fire
and beating up leaders of
the anti-Zionist sect. .
The raids were carried
out against a background of
mounting tensions in the
ultra-Orthodox camp over
Agudat Yisrael's joining the
Likud coalition.
Naturei Karta members
have put up posters de-
nouncing the - move, and
leaders of the group have
been attempting to per-
suade members of the
Aguda's Council of Sages,
which authorized the coali-
tion support, to reconsider
the move. Agudat Yisrael
is dominated by Gerer Hasi-
dim.
Raiders broke into the
ground floor offices of the
Torah V'Yira place after
vandalizing it. The next day
the raiders returned and a
brawl broke out. According,
to one account, the assail-
ants were dressed in the
manner of Gerer Hasidim.
Police have arrested two
suspects, and a Naturei
Karta spokesman said that
if the assailants refuse to
appear before the religious
courts, the sect will resort
to the civil courts, in spite
of the fact that the Naturei
Karta do not recognize the
state of Israel.
Argentina. May
ExtraditeEx-Nazi
BUENOS AIRES (JTA)—
The Argentine government
has agreed to consider a
request from West Ger-
many that it extradite a
German accused of Nazi
war_ crimes who has been
living in Argentina since
1948.
The German, _ Eduard
Roschmann, allegedly com-
manded a death ca
the Riga area in
40,000 Jews were kille
Police sources said the
69-year-old Roschmann has
not been arrested.
According to official
sources, Roschmann en-
tered Argentina in 1948 with
a passport in the name of
Fritz Wegner. During the
war, he was in the Riga
area first as an SS assault
leader, head of the Jewish
section of the security po-
lice and then commander of
the Riga ghetto. He was
tried in absentia in Ham-
burg and found guilty of
multiple murders carried
out between 1941 and 1944.
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