THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
44 Friday, March 18, 1977
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Volume Explores Aspects of Holocaust
By ALLEN A. WARSEN
"Auschwitz: Beginning
of a New Era?" subtitled
"Reflections of the
Holocuast" (Ktav) is
edited by Eva Fleischner,
professor of religion at
Montclair State College,
N. J.
The 469-page publica-
tion is divided into 10
parts plus an introduc-
tion, and consists of 27
papers given at the In-
ternational Symposium
on, the Holocaust held at
the Cathedral Church of
Saint John the Divine,
New York City, June 3 - 6,
1974.
The participants in the
symposium included,
among others, Alfred Ka-
zin, Rosemary Radford
Ruether, Shlomo Avin-
ery, and Elie Wiesel.
As the title of the book
indicates, the symposium
explored various aspects
of the Holocaust, including
"The History of Christian
Theology and the Demoni-
zation of the Jews," and
"Radical Theology, the
New Left, and Israel."
In the introduction
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Prof. Fleischner poses the
questions "Can one still
be a Christian after Au-
schwitz?. " and "What can
those who answer no offer
the world in place of
Christianity? A secular-
ity, a humanism, a faith
in man rather than God?"
Prof. Ruether, author
of "Faith and Fratricide,"
indirecely answers these
rhetorical questions by
sketching briefly, but
profoundly, the history of
the anti-Judaic Christian
tradition. She traces this
tradition to the founding
fathers of Christian
theology. The theologian
Saint John Chrysostom
(345?-407 A.D.), for in-
stance, regarded the Jews
as devils, their houses of
worship as houses of
prostitution and their
souls as dwelling places of
demons.
Prof. RUether main-
tains that the theologians
misinterpreted the Bible.
"The very term 'Old Tes-
tament'," she notes, "is
itself a Christian anti-
Judaic interpretation of
the Jewish Scriptures."
She proves that the
Christian theologians
throughout the ages
taught that the positive
pronouncements of the
prophets referred to the
Christians while the
negative ones to the Jews.
They_ deliberatelyfal-
sified prophetic "self-
criticism" she insists.
Even the rite of circumci-
sion they interpreted as a
"mark of Cain" of a re-
probate people. Eventu-
ally this theological de-
monization developed
into anti-Jewish legal-
social inferiorization,
economic scapegoating,
and culminated in Au-
schwitz.
Prof. Ruether con-
cludes: "To bring this
tragic history to an end
will demand . . . a drama-
tic shift in the spirituality
which it (the church)
teaches . . . a reexamina-
tion of Christology, for
tion
this is the original root of
theological anti-Judaism.
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A repentant Christianity
is a Christianity which has
turned from the theology
of Messianic triumphalism
to the theology of hope."
Shlomo Avinery, direc-
tor general of the Israeli
Foreign Ministry, in his
discerning essay "Radi-
cal Theology, the New
Left, and Israel" de-
lineates the history of
secular anti-Semitism.
He traces it to the Chris-
tian theologian,
philosopher and historian
Bruno Bauer (1809-1882).
Bruno Bauer, a leftist
Young Hegelian and an
advocate of political re-
form and republicanism,
opposed Jewish emanci-
pation. He demanded
that the Jewish people, in
order to gain equality,
cease being Jews, give up
their religious identity,
and become 100 percent
converts to secularism.
"The pardox," writes Av-
inery, "is compounded if
one recalls that Hegel,
who certainly could not
be called a liberal in the
accepted sense, came out
more than 20 years ear-
lier in favor of full civil
and political rights for
the Jews, maintaining
that a state that did not
grant full equal rights to
the Jews 'would have
misunderstood its own
principle.'"
Another ardent propo-
•nent of radicalism and
secularism, the anarchist
Mikhail Bakunin (1814-
1876) was as rabid an
anti-Semite as was
Bauer, though they dif-
fered in every other re-
spect.
In his diatribe against
Karl Marx, Bakuniri -
wrote: "What can there be
in common between com-
munism and the world of
high finance? Ah! It is that
Marx's communism seeks
the powerful centraliza-
tion of the state; and where
there is centralization of
the state there must needs
today be a central bank of
the state; and where such a
bank exists, the parastical
nation of the Jews,
speculating on the labor of
the people, will always find
a means of making a liv-
ing."
Avinery exposes the so
called spokesmen of the
New Left. He denounces
as fraudulent the anti-
Zionist article - by the
American black, Stephen
Halbrook, entitled "The
Class Origins of Zionist-
Ideology."
This "scholar" wrote
that Herzl was an agent
of the Rothschilds; Moses
Hess was a spokesman for
French imperialism; and
Zionist ideology is
bourgeois.--
He_stated: " . . . just as
the Jewish upper
bourgeos needed a
foreign market (e.g. for
the export of capital),
the Jewish middle
bourgeois needed a
domestic market. They
would have their own na-
tional territory, cheap
raw materials, vast re-
sou•ces of labor (the
Eastern Jews), and prof-
itable investments."
This pseudo-scholar ac-
cuses the Labo•-Zionists
of being the agents of the
petty
and
middle
bourgeois and of the labor
aristocracy.
remarks:
Avinery
"Anyone reading this
would not, of course,
guess that the reference
to Labor Zionists is to the
force that has been head-
ing Israel's political life
since its inception."
In like manner Avinery
debunks Daniel Berri-
gan's anti-Israeli state-
ments by pointing out
their inaccuracies and fal-
sities. Beringan's descrip-
tion of himself as "a west-
ern Christian in resistance
against my government.-
and my church, a Catholi.
priest in resistance --
against Rome, an Ameri-
can in resistance against
Nixon, and a Jew in resis-
tance against Israel," Av-
inery thus characterizes:
"What, if not such a belief
in one's own identity as
Christ, can be the source
of such a hibrid: Berri-
gan's idolatry is the worst
and ultimate of all idolar-
ties: he created his idol in
his own image."
The essays included in
"Auschwitz: Beginning
of a New Era?" describe
incisively and with in-
sight the complex prob-
lems and issues that
emerged in the post-
Holocaust period.
Matza Balls
For almost a century,
Manischewitz has added
to the pleasue of Passover
for Jewish families all
over Amerid'a. This Pas-
sover Manischewitz
kitchens — under strict
rabbinical supervision —
are making a variety of
Passover foods, including
matzot, gefilte fish, soup,
matza meal, farfel,
cereal, cake and cookie
mixes, jams and jellies.
6 eggs, separated
1 tsp. salt
1/8 tsp. pepper
1 cup Manischewitz Matza
Meal
2 tbsps. melted chicken fat
First, beat egg whites until
they're stiff. Then, beat egg
yolks until they're light. Add
salt, pepper, and melted chic-
ken fat to beaten yolks; fold
into egg whites. Fold in matza
meal one spoonful at a time.
Refrigerate for at least one
hour. Wet your hands and
form batter into balls the size
of a walnut. Drop into rapidly
boiling soup or water. Reduce
heat and cook slowly, covered,
for about 30 minutes. Serves
12, or eight fressers.
Yiddish Language,
History Course
Workmen's Circle is
cepting registration for a
10-week Yiddish lan-
guage and history class to
be held 7 p.m. Thursdays
at the Labor Zionist In-
stitute. The class will
begin Thursday.
Mordcai
educator and lecturer
and principal of the
Workmen's Circle Sunday
School, will teach the
class. There is a nominal
charge.
For information or to
register, call the Work-
men's Circle, 626 - 6016.