---imummiwomomminiewommemploww.
30 May 21, 1976
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
Vital's Masterful Book Describes a Great Liberation Movement
stage for the dramatic un-
folding in the succeeding
sections of the great Jewish
liberation movement —
Zionism.
It is of the utmost import-
ance to note that 1881 and
the years immediately fol-
lowing were traumatic
times for Russian Jewry.
They provided the impetus
for rethinking and re-ap-
praising the Jewish condi-
tion in the Russian Empire;
and brought about the
emergence of new persorfali-
ties and ideas.
Foremost were. Moshe
Leib Lilienblum (1843-1910)
and Jehuda Leib Pinsker
By ALLEN A. WARSEN
David Vital, author of
"The Making of British For-
eign Policy" and other
books, has contributed a
new volume to the vast liter-
ature on the history of Zion-
ism. His "The Origins of
Zionism," published by Ox-
ford University Press, is
composed of three ,parts, a
select biography and is fully
annotated.
The three introductory
chapters delineate signifi-
cant aspects of Jewish his-
tory, from ancient times
through the year 1881. This
preliminary section sets the
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(1821-1891). Both were op-
ponents of assimilation and
advocates of the return of
Jews to their ancient home-
land, Eretz Israel.
Lilienblum regarded assi-
milation as "a despicable
and unjustifiable solution in
principle, and an unworka-
ble in practice." He wrote, "I
do not speak of the flight of
individuals; there have al-
ways been blackguards in
mind and deed. They have
never done anything to im-
prove the condition of the
Jews, on the contrary . . .
they have reduced the ranks
of the beaten and increased
the ranks of the beaters."
Lilienblum's solution to
the Jewish question, as al-
ready mentioned, was the
return to Eretz Israel "to
which we have a historic
right which was not lost
along with our (lost) rule of
the country, any more than
the peoples of the Balkans
lost their rights to their
lands when they lost their
rule over them." He in-
sisted: "The alternative en-
tailed being subject eter-
nally to all kinds of storms -
and not even being safe
from a great slaughter."
Similar views were ex-
pressed by Pinsker. His
pamphlet "Autoemanci-
pation ! Mahnruf an seine
Stammesgenossen von ei-
nem russischen Juden"
("Autoemancipation! a
warning to his kinfolk by a
Russian Jew") published in
Germany in 1882 marks a
giant step in the evolution of
Zionism and is one of its
great classics.
According to David Vital
"Autoemancipation! is a
manifesto, the work of a
man trying hard to control
his rage and put his argu-
ments across in cool lan-
guage — and in clinical
tradition of his profession.
(Pinsker was a physician.)
The fury, the shame, and
the anguish are curbed, but
unmistakable."
Pinsker's message is
forthright: "Equality can be
attained only by re-creation
of full Jewish nationality,
by the collective return of
thews to the ranks of the
nations as a people living in
their own homeland. This
will not be achieved by -the
efforts of others, but by
self-help. The Jews must
not look to others to emanci-
BLOOMFIELD
pate them; they must strive
for autoemancipation."
No wonder Pinsker and
Lilienblum became the
spokesmen of the Hovevei
Zion. Under their leadership
the first group of Hovevei
Zion notables met in Odessa
in 1883 and agreed on a
"statement of aims." The
group included the famous
Kiev ophthalmologist, Em-
manuel Mandelstamm and
the Heidelberg professor
Herman (Zevi Hirsch)
Schapira.
A year later, under the
leadership of Dr. Pinsker,
the first conference of -Hov-
evei Zion gathered in the
Silesian town of Kattowitz;
in 1887 the second confer-
ence was held at Druski-
eniki (near Grodno); and in
1889 the third and final con-
ference was convened in
Vilna.
At these conferences the
delegates were mainly con-
cerned with such practical
matters as land purchase in
Eretz Israel, the condition
of the existing settlements,
and "the mounting of a
modest propaganda cam-
paign in,the Pale."
It is noteworthy, that at
the Druskieniki conference
the name "Hibbat Zion" was
adopted for the entire or-
ganization. Prior to that
time, local societies bore
names such as "Ezra,"
"Nehemia," "Zerubavel,"
and "Kibbutz Nidhei Israel"
("The Ingathering of the
`Hester Street' at
Berkley Theatre
"Hester Street," the film
about immigrant life in
New York before the turn of
the century, is now being
shown daily at the Berkley
Theatre.
Actress Carol Kane was
nominated for an "Oscar"
award for her performance
in the film.
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THE. TERS IN ONE BUILDING
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In "Der Judenstaat,"
Herzl maintained: "Pa-
lestine is our evermemora-
ble historic home. The very
name of Palestine would
attract our people with a
force of marvellous potency
. . . There we would form
. . . an outpost of civiliza-
tion as opposed to barba-
rism . . . The sanctuaries of
Christendom would be safe-
guarded by assigning to
them an extra-territorial
status such as is well known
to the law of nations. We
should form a guard of
honor about these sanctuar-
ies, answering for the fulfil,.
ment of this duty with o
existence. This guard 0_
honor would be the great
symbol of the solution of the
Jewish Question after 18
centuries of Jewish suffer-
ing."
From its publication in
1896 until Herzl's death in
1904, 17 editions of "Der
Judestaat" were published:
five in German, three in
Russian, two in Hebrew,
two in English, and one each
in Yiddish, French, Roman-
ian, Bulgarian, and German
printed in Hebrew charac-
ters.
David Vital's "The Origins
of Zionism" is impressive in
scope, method and subject
matter. It provides new in-
sights into the genesis of a
great liberation movement.
Oht Othe Attic
Greenfield N. of 9 Mile
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Forlorn of Israel").
It should be pointed out
that "the new structures of
Hibbat Zion . . . did rapidly
take root as permanent fea-
tures of the Jewish social
scene."
Not all Hovevei Zion
agreed with the policies of
Hibbat Zion. Its preeminent
critic ('and later of the Zion-
ist movement as well) was
the great Zionist Ahad
Ha'Am, the nom de plume
of Asher Zevi Ginsberg
(1856-1927). Born into a
wealthy and hasidic family,
Asher Zevi at an early age
was recognized as an "ilu,"
a young person of superior
intellectual abilities and
proficient in Talmudic stud-
ies. As he grew older, he ba-
came interested in secular
learning and in literature.
Before long he bacame
known as an essaist. His
first essay "Lo ze haderekh"
("This is not the Way") pub-
lished in Alexander Tseder-
baum's "Hamelits" is still
considered a classic. In this
essay and in subsequent
ones, he advocated the crea-
tion of a spiritual and cul-
tural center in Eretz Israel
and proposed the scaling-
down of Zionist activities in
the practical arena.
However, the Zionist clas-
sic par excellence is Theo-
dore Herzl's "Der Juden-
staat," published in 1896.
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