Holy Days: Rosh Hashana, Yom Kippur • Rosh Hashana, the Jew- ish New Year; the autumn festival celebrated on the first and second .days of The name Rosh Hashana, as it is in the Bible (Ezek. New Year , Greetings! 11-0K PEST CONTROL SERVICE, INC. I 40:1), simply means the be- ginning of the year and does not designate the festival. The months of the year were counted from the spring month, later called by the Babylonian name Nisan. The month known by the Babylonian name Tishri is, therefore, called the "seventh month" in the Pen- tateuch. In the Bible, the festival lasts for one day only; the two-day festival arose out of the difficulty of deter- mining when the new moon actually appeared. The Mishnah speaks of four periods of the year, each known as Rosh Has- hana. One of these is the 862-3200 E. 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In the Rosh Has- life) for a good year." The hana liturgy the reference Sephardi version is: "May to the day as the day on you be inscribed for a good which the world was year; may you be worthy created, follows the opin- of abundant years." ion of R. Eliezer. At the festive meal, it is The theme of God as King customary to dip a piece of is particularly stressed on bread, over which grace has Rosh Hashana because the been recited, into honey as a day's association with His token of the sweet year it is judgment. During the pray- hoped will come. For the ers of the day, it is neces- same reason, a piece of ap- sary to recite 10 biblical ple is dipped in honey. texts which have the theme The prophet Micah speaks of God as King, He who re- of God casting the sins of Is- members, and which have rael into the depths of the reference to the shofar. sea. On the basis of this, the The four names of the fes- Tashlikh ceremony arose in tival in Jewish tradition are: which Jews go to a place Rosh Hashana, Yom Ter- where there is running wa- .ii'ah ("day of blowing the ter to recite that verse and horn"), Yom Ha-Din other scriptural verses, as ("judgment day"), and Yom well as penitential hymns Ha-Zikkaron ("day of re- and prayers on the first aft- membrance"). ernoon of Rosh Hashana. Three books are opened Day of Atonement one of on Rosh Hashana: one f or the "appointed seasons of the completely righteou s, the Lord, holy convoca- one for the completel tions," a day of fasting and wicked, and one for the a v _ atonement, occurring on the erage persons. The corn _ Tenth of Tishri. It is the pletely righteous are imm e _ climax of the 10 days of pen- diately inscribed in the boo k itence and, the most impor- of life. The completel y taut day in the liturgical wicked are immediately in _ year. scribed in the book of death • All manner of work is The average persons ar e forbidden on the Day of kept in suspension from Atonement, as it is on the Rosh Hashana to Yom Sabbath, and the soul is to Kippur. If they desery e be "afflicted," the punish- well, they are inscribed i n ment for transgressing the book of life; if they d o these commandments not deserve well, they ar e being destruction and ex- inscribed in the book o f tirpation. death. The Pentateuch does not The essential ritual o f Rosh Hashana is the sound - explain what is to be under- ing of the Shofar. The Mish - stood by "afflicting the nah rules that the horn of soul" on the Day of Atone- ment. However, other pas- any animal (e.g., sheep, sages in the Scriptures goat, antelope), except the cow, may be used as a sho- speak explicitly of afflicting far on Rosh Hashana. At a the soul by fasting. later period the ram's horn According to the sages, was preferred in order to re- there are five ways in which call the binding of Isaac, for the duty of afflicting the whom a ram was substi- soul applies: by prohibitions tuted. It is considered meri- against eating and drinking, torious to use a curved sho- washing one-self (for plea- far, symbolic of man bowing sure), anointing the body, in submission to God's will. wearing shoes (of leather), There are 10 frequently and cohabitation. quoted reasons why the The same kinds of work horn is blown on this day: are forbidden on the Day of • Trumpets are sounded at a coronation, and God is Atonement as are forbidden on the Sabbath, and danger hailed as King on this day. to life (pikku'ah nefesh) ov- • The shofar heralds the errides all the prohibitioris beginning of the penitential of the Day of Atonement, season. • The Torah was given just as it does those of the Sabbath. on Sinai accompanied by blasts of the shofar. It is customary to arrange • The prophets compare the table for the eve of the their message to the sound Day of Atonement in the of the shofar. same manner as the Sab- • The conquering armies bath; to adorn the syn- that destroyed the Temple agogue with beautiful dra- pery; to wear white clothes; sounded trumpet blasts. • The ram was substi- to light candles at home and tuted for Isaac. recite a blessing over them; • The prophet asks: to light a candle for the souls of the living; to men- "Shall the horn be blown in a city, and the people not tion the dead and to donate tremble?" charity in their memory. • The prophet Zephan- ian speaks of the great "day of the Lord" (Judgment The Educated Day) as a "day of the horn True knowledge and cul- and alarm." ture who strive to obtain, • The prophet Isaiah the older they grow the speaks of the great shofar more wisdom they gain; but which will herald the mes- those who to knowledge and sianic age. culture are foes, as older • The shofar will be each gets the more foolish sounded at the resurrection. he grows. On the first night of —The Talmud Friday, September 5;1975 75 BY HENRY LEONARD 11 2 a 1 V • ft. cis "It fell with his second blast!" Best Wishes to the Community on the Neu' Year ESTOKRAPT Makers of "Perfect Sleeper" SMOOTH-TOP MATTRESSES you sleep ON it . . . not IN it! A Happy & Healthy New Year To All Our Relatives, Friends & Customers MORRIE'S SUNOCO Service Center 24848 Southfield Rd., Southfield 557-1747 HARVARD ROW Barber Salon TOMMY "the Barber" & ROSE the Manicurist" Wishes All Their Friends & Customers A HAPPY NEW YEAR For Appointment Call 357-0234