28 Friday, May 30, 1975
THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS
Nobel Winners
The Nobel Prize i
awarded annually to me
and women who hay
"rendered the greatest sery
ice to mankind." Since th
inception of the prize i
1899 it has been awarded t
the following 67 Jews o
people of Jewish descent:
Jacob, 1965 —Andre Lwoff.
1967 — George Wald, 1968
Marshall W. Nirenberg. 1969
Salvador Luria, 1970 — Julius
Axelrod, 1970 — Sir Bernard
Katz and 1972 — Gerald Maur-
ice Edelman.
Chemistry: 1905 — Adolph
Von Baeyer, 1906 — Henri
Moissan, 1910 — Otto Wallach.
1915 — Richard Willstaetter,
1918 — Fitz Haber, 1943 —
George Charles de Hevesy, 1961
— Melvin Calvin, 1962 — Max
Ferdinand Penitz and 1972 —
William Howard Stein.
Physics: 1907 — Albert
Abraham Michelson, 1908 —
Gabriel Lippmann, 1921 — Al-
bert Einstein, 1922 — Niels
Bohr, 1925 — James Franck,
1925 — Gustav Hertz, 1943 —
Otto Stern, 1944 — Isidor Isaac
Rabi, 1952 — Felix Bloch, 1954
— Max Born, 1958 — Igor
Tamm. 1959 — Emilio Segre,
1960 — Donald A. Glaser, 1961
— Robert Hofstadter, 1962 —
Lev Davidovich Landau, 1965 —
Richard Phillips Feynman,
1965 — Julian Schwinger, 1969
— Murray Gell-Mann, 1971 —
Dennis Gabor and 1973 —
Brian David Josephson.
Economics: 1970 — Paul
Anthony Samuelson, 1971 —
Simon Kuznets and 1972 —
Kenneth Joseph Arrow.
World Peace: 1911 — Alfred
Fried, 1911 — Tobias Michael
Carel Asser, 1968 — Rene Cas-
sin and 1973 — Henry Alfred
Kissinger.
Literature: 1910 — Paul Jo-
hann Ludwig Heyse, 1927 —
Henri Bergson, 1958 — Boris
Pasternak, 1966 — Shmuel
Yosef Agnon and 1966 — Nelly
Sachs.
Physiology and Medicine:
1908 — Elie vIetchnikoff, 1908
— Paul Ehrlich, 1914 — Robert
Barany, 1922 — Otto Meyerhof,
1930 — Karl Landsteiner. 1931
— Otto Warburg. 1936 — Otto
Loewi, 1944 — Joseph Erlanger,
1944 — Herbert Spencer Gas-
ser, 1945 — Ernst Boris Chain,
1946 — Hermann Joseph
Muller, 1950 — Tadeus Reich-
stein, 1952 — Selman Abraham
Waksman, 1953 — Hans Krebs,
1953 — Fritz Albert Lipmann,
1958 — Joshua Lederberg, 1959
— Arthur Kornberg, 1964 —
Konrad Block, 1956 — Francois
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German Mediates
Israel-Soviet Talk
HAMBURG (ZINS) —
The contact between Israel
and the Soviet Union made
recently in a secret visit to
Jerusalem by two high-
ranking Soviet diplomats
was the result of mediation
by West Germany's Minis-
ter of Development, Egan
Barr, according to "Der
Spiegel."
The German official ad-
vised the Israel government
to "establish direct contacts
with Moscow in order to re-
solve the Middle East con-
flict." The Israelis were
agreeable that Barr should
be their intermediary with
the Soviet authorities.
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Courtesy Israel Digest
The Growth of Kibitzim Traced
The kibutz, or kevuza is a
voluntary collective commu-
nity, mainly agricultural, in
which there is no private
wealth and which is respon-
sible for all the needs of the
members and their families.
The kibutz movement in
Israel in 1969 numbered
93,000 persons in 231 kibut-
zim and kevuzot organized
in several federations ac-
cording to social, political,
and religious outlook, ac-
cording to the Encyclopae-
dia Judaica.
The first kevuza was
founded in 1909 at Deganya
by a group of pioneers, who
undertook collective respon-
sibility for the working of
JTA Begins 4th
Intern Program
NEW YORK (JTA) — The
Jewish Telegraphic Agen-
cy's summer intern pro-
gram for college students
began this month for its
fourth consecutive year.
This year there are three
interns — two in the JTA's
New York office and one in
the Washington bureau.
The 10-week program
provides the trainees with
an opportunity to cover and
write about news events,
conduct interviews with
prominent Jewish leaders,
rewrite wire copy, and at-
tend and write about com-
munal activities and meet-
ings.
Vietnam Refugees
to Form `Kibutz'
CAMP PENDLETON,
Calif. (ZINS) — The former
vice premier of South Viet-
nam, Nyguen Ky said that
he intends to found a collec-
tive farming settlement in
Texas, modeled after the
Israeli kibutzim, for 1,000
Vietnamese refugees.
He declared that those
who fled from Vietnam will
be much happier as farmers
than as city dwellers. Ky is
among those refugees tem-
porarily quartered at a mili-
tary base in California.
Harry Abram
Ma Fi gt;Ler
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To worship something
means to give everything
one possesses, all one's tal-
ents and energies, to this
end. The man who worships
power may sacrifice his
honor for power, may neg-
lect his family for power,
may destroy his character
for power.
—Ferdinand M. Isserman
- -
- -
the farm. Another group,
which started work at Kin-
neret in the same year, be-
came an independent kevuza
in 1913.
By 1914 there were 11
kevuzot established on
Jewish National Fund
land under the responsibil-
ity of the Zionist Organi-
zation, and the number
grew to 29 by the end of
1918.
The early kevuzot had
small memberships based
upon the idea that the com-
munity should be small
enough to constitute a kind
of enlarged family. During
the Third Aliya, after World
War I, when larger numbers
of pioneering settlers (hal-
utzim) arrived, large, self-
sufficient villages, combin-
ing agriculture with indus-
try, for which the name
"kibutz" was used were es-
tablished. The first of this
type was Ein Harod,
founded in 1921, and many
others followed.
The kibutzim, received
their manpower mainly
from the pioneering youth
movements aborad and, in
their turn, provided the
movements with a practical
ideal of pioneering settle-
ment on the land in order to
make a major contribution
to the building of the Jewish
national home and create a
model and a basis for the so-
cialist society of the future.
They played an important
part in expanding the map
of Jewish settlement and
safeguarding the growing
community.
The kibutz is a unique
product of the Zionist labor
movement and the Jewish
national revival. It was de-
veloped by Jewish workers
inspired by ideas of social
justice as an integral part of
the Zionist effort to resettle
the homeland. Ever since its
inception, the kibutz move-
ment has played a pioneer-
ing role in the economic,
political, cultural and secu-
rity activities required to
carry out that purpose.
The kibutz movement
has been, and still is, a
major factor in the activi-
ties of the Zionist move-
ment and the state of Is-
rael. Its influence has been
both moral and practical,
ranging from settlement
and security functions
(including settling new
areas since the Six-Day
War), to the absorption of
immigrants and Youth
Aliya children, and the
provision of leading per-
sonnel for Zionist and gov-
ernment service.
gross national product, and
that more than 20 members
of the Knesset are kibutz
members.
In recent years, the move-
ment has been increasing in
size at the rate of about 2-3
percent a year. Although it
has become an established
institution, it has demon-
strated a capacity of chang-
ing with the times.
The number of kibutz
members in the Knesset and
among army officers is far
beyond their proportion of
the population. This influ-
ence is indicated by such
diverse statistics as the fact
that its production accounts
for 12 percent of Israel's
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