71 7 w. 4. ▪ Atlas of Arab-Israel Conflict Compiles Historic Data Graphically portrayed, not- ably_ annotated, containing impressive records of Middle East developments during the past 50 years, "Atlas of Arab- Israel Conflict" (Macmillan) provides data covering the vast field of emerging strug- gles in that area. Martin Gilbert, the British historian, Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, compiled the material and the hundreds of quotations that appear on the 101. maps which serve as an impressive record of the ex- periences of the half-century of controversies and battles that marked the Zionist and Israeli endeavors. Exerhplary. are these- two quotations from the many that appear on the maps: "We Arabs, especially the educated among us, look with deepest sympathy on the Zionist movement . . . We will wish the Jews a hearty welcome home . . ." —Emir Feisal (1919) "For the Syrians, the oc- cupied territories means not only the Golan Heights, but Jerusalem, and even Tel Aviv." —Henry Kissinger (1974) The eighth volume in Mac- millan's History Atlas Series, "Atlas of the Arab-Israel" Conflict" touches, in the de- scriptive maps and annota- tions, upon all aspects' of the Middle East situation. It traces the Zionist ideologies, the issues that arose in the course of Jewish settlements in Palestine, the immigration, refugee and other problems. Effective in so many ways, this atlas nevertheless misses many points of value. It is noteworthy, as indi- cated, that the Emir Feisal's statement to Dr. Chaim Weiz- mann in 1919, received prop- er recognition in this valu- able work. Other similar de- clarations are included. Some are missing and are regret- tably omitted. The vows of Presidents Woodrow Wilson, Warren G. Harding, Harry S. Truman and the more recent heads of the U.S. government should not have been overlooked. But the material utilized does serve a purpose in pro- viding an understanding of the grave after effects of the Arab opposition to Zionism. The periods covered in this volume include: The earliest Sidon 0 I THE JEWS OF PALESTINE BEFORE THE ARAB CONQUEST 1000 BC-636 AD For more than one thousand six hundred yearS the Jews formed the main settled population of Palestine. Although often conqu ered - by Assyrians, Babyloni- ans, Persians, Greeks, Egyptians and Romans - they remained until the Roman conquest the predominant people of the land, with long periods of complete independence. During the six centuries that followed the Roman conquest, some Jews still remained in Palestine, mostly near Safed, Tiberias, Hebron and Jerusalem, the four 'Holy Cities'• of Judaism 10 20 Miles Acre Haifa The war is not over yet We must admit that our territory has not yet been liberated and we have another fight before us for which we must prepare. GENERAL GAMASSY, EGYPT THE AR,6413- ISRAELI CONFLICT: AIMS AND OPINIONS NOVEMBER 1973- MARCH 1974 On 2 February 1974 the Egyptians announced that they had begun work to open the Suez Canal. But simultaneously with the disengagement of the Egyptian and Israeli forces in Sinai, the Syrians began to bombard Israeli military positions and civilian settlements on the Golan heights. On 3 February 1974 the Syrian Foreign Minister, A .H. Khaddam, announced that Syria was carrying out ' continued and real war of attrition... keeping Israel's reserves on active duty and paralysing its economy'. Throughout March 1974 the Syrians insisted that there could be no negotiations with Israel until Israel withdrew completely from the Golan Heights. On 31 March it was stated in Washington that a 'foreign legion' ser ving inside Syria included units from Kuwait, Morocco and Saudi Arabia, as well as North Korean pilots and a Cuban armoured brigade with over 100 tanks Jaffa CHIEF OF STAFF, 4 MAP, Beirut ° MINISTER GROMYKO AND SYRIAN' PRESIDENT ASSAD, JOINT STATEMENT 7 MARCH 1974 • • Damascus ".• Kuneitra SYRIA • The Golan Heights e ct- JORDAN • Amman Jerusa lem Port Said The Soviet Union and Syria re-' affirm that the establishment of a durable and just peace cannot be achieved in the Middle East unless Israel withdraws from all occupied territories, and the legi- timate rights of the Palestinians are restored SOVIET FOREIGN Ozi Netanya Tel Aviv Mediterranean Sea history back to 1000 BCE-683 CE, the aspirations for the Jewish National Home com- mencing with the Balfour Declaration, Israel's state- hood and the wars. The first map introduces the subject historically, and the concluding one is de- scriptive of the events dated until March of 1974. They portray effectively the his- tory and developments of the conflict in these two repro- duced maps. SAUDI ARABIA Dead Sea • - Beersheba Suez Canal • Ashkelon • Cairc v • • a cur:wed by Israel: forcesm June 1967 _ N Suez late'' El Arish •— The 1949 cease- fire lines (israe •s borders 1949 - 1967) Negey 1 . ; The front lines at the ceaseti:e of October 1973 1 I Akaba The zone of disengagement in Sinai, March 1974 EGYPT Palestine is not only part of the Arab homeland but also a basic part of South Syria We consider it our right and duty to insist that Palestine should remain a free part of our Arab homeland and of our Arab Syrian country PRESIDENT ASSAD OF SYRIA. 9 MARCH 1974 • . Sharm el- Sheikh Sina — J El We stick to our stand that Israel should withdraw from all Arab territories she occupied since June 1967• and say that there can be no peace in this area without complete withdrawal We also steed not say that Arab Jerusalem, that precious jewel on the forehead of this homeland, will never and under no circumstances come under any sovereignty other than absolute Arab sovereignty KING HUSSEIN OF JORDAN. 2 DEC 1973 i Principal centres of the Jewish Revolt against Roman rule, 66 - 73 AD (In 70 AD the Romans captured Jerusalem. destroyed theTemple and the city. and took many Jews as captives to Rome) Area of earliest Jewish settle- ment ( the 12 tribes of Israel) The Jewish kingdom at the time of Solomon ( 1000 BC) 73 The boundaries of the Hasmonean - Jewish kingdom, 165-63 BC • Present day towns (for reference) I am not for staying 20 kilometres from the Canal I do not see in Abu Rude's. and in oil, the hnal security line for Israel - although there is oilthe.re - because it means also control of the Suez Canal I can see the reasons for wanting control en the Gulf of E lat. but I cannot think we will have peace with Egypt while we control not only the entrance to EllaPbut also the entrance to Suez M DAYAN. ISRAELI DEFENCE MINISTER, 10 MARCH 1974 For the Syrians. the occupied ti.witories means not only the Golan Heights. but Jerusaten;. and even Tei Aviv we will not descend from the Golan. we will not- partition Jerusalem, we will not return Sharm el - Sheikh, and we will not agree that the distance between Netanya and the border shall be 18 A ilo. - metres But if we want a Jewish State we have to be prepared to compromise on territory - U S SECRETARY OF STATE. HENRY KISSINGER. 11 MARCH 1974 the tali, in Israel about a o'emilitalized Sinai should stop If they want a d•rnilitanzed Sinai. I shall be. asiking fora CA.V7IrtitarrZed Isr ael PRESIDENT SADAT OF EGYPT. - TIME MAGAZINE. 25 MARCH 19 74 GOLDA MEIR. ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER. 29 DEC 1973 • © Marlin Gilbert © Martin Gitbert Demand for Arnis Hurting Major Powers, May Force Middle East Peace By MURRAY ZUCKOFF - NEW YORK ( J T A) — Egyptian President s Anwar Sadat may have let the cat out of the diplomatic bag, and, thereby, placed into pub- lic domain the policy of "quiet diplomacy" pursued by the United States and, to some degree, by the Soviet Union. The voluble Egyptian lead- er warned that the Mideast is a bomb ready to explode and that this bomb must be defused by continuing the momentum of the progress of peace either through step-by- siep negotiations as proposed by Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger, or, if that doesn't work, by the resump- tion of the Geneva peace talks as favored by .the Soviet Union. With this either or strategy Egypt was very likely float- ing a trial balloon on behalf of both the U. S. and USSR for a joint superpower effect to settle the Mideast conflict and get the Israeli-Arab im- passe off dead center. There have been strong in- dications in recent weeks by the U.S. and the USSR that neither power can continue to go it alone in the Mideast and that neither country is in a position to continue for much longer as patrons of client states. At the same time, neither the U.S. nor the USSR can afford, at this time, to write off their respective clients nor to permit a situation to develop whereby one or the other is totally frozen out of the Mideast scene. But neither sup2rpower con say so, or does not want to say so, publicly. Both the U.S. and USSR are beginning to cringe under the continuing pressure of their respective clients' de- mands for ongoing supply of arms, and spare parts. Efforts to limit the production of strategic arms also is putting a dent into what the Soviet Union and the United States can supply their Mideast clients in the way of sophisti- cated weapons. The merry-go-round of sup- plying arms to the Arabs and Israelis continues because neither superpower wants to offend its respective clients at a time when both are seek- ing to establish firm footholds in the Mideast and neither are in a position to limit or halt each other's supply of arms. At the same time, neither the Arabs . nor Israelis relish the prospects of eventually being reduced to "vassal states" by their respective patrons by sheer necessity of depending on them to supply the arms or assure peace. Such a development would destroy the viability of tall the Mideast nations as sover- eign and independent states. At the moment, however, progress in negotiations de- pends in large measure on what the U.S. and the 'USSR can do either together or separately to cool tempers on both sides. Of all thet Arab states, Egypt is most anxious to achieve a settlement, if only to retrieve some land from Israel, including the Abu Rodeis oil field and to embark on some kind of in- ternal economic stabilization. Egypt would, therefore. welcome a joint undertaking by the two superpowers in helping to get the next stage of negotiations going. In this respect, Egypt may be the catalytic agent in bringing the t w o superpowers to- gether, or at least provide them with the necessary pub- lic rationalization for an agreement to be co-equals in the next stage of peace talks. The coin of step-by-step negotiations and Geneva talks has been flipped diplomatci- ally in recent weeks during talks between President Ford and Soviet Communist Party Secretary Leonid I. Brezh- nev, French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing and Brezh- nev, and, President Ford and Giscard d'Estaing. Even Israelis are beginning to talk more openly about un- freezing the Soviet Union's role in future Mideast talks, now frozen by Kissinger's ap- proach. On Dec. 3, Israeli Foreign Minister Yigal Allan reiterated that Israel is pared - to resume di4 id relations with the USS noted that Soviet officials are aware of this. What was significant about Sadat's statement, an interview with with Iranian publisher, Farhad Massoudi, was that the step-by-step ap- proach was given priority with Geneva talks to follow if the first approach failed. Also of significance was its timing: Brezhnev is due in Cairo early next month and Allon is due to return to Washington at the same time, 48—Friday, Dec. 27, 1974 THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS