THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS Friday, December 7, 1973-45

H

Synagogue Excavated in Turkey
Deemed Largest Outside Israel

By ANDREW SUEMEGHI
JTA Budapest Correspondent
BUDAPEST (JTA) — The
Hungarian Jewish commu-

TEL AVIV—A conference
of 800 archeologists from 21
countries was told that
American archeologists in
Turkey have excavated the
largest ancient synagogue
known outside Israel.
According to a .report by
Dr. Asher Ovadiah of the
department of classical stud-

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ies at the University of Tel
Aviv, the synagogue at
Sardis in western Turkey has
been studied in detail and
partly reconstructed.
Dr. Ovadiah said that eight
synagogues have been identi-
fied from ruins or inscrip-
tions in Asia Minor and there
may be many more yet to
be discovered. Synagogues
have sometimes been identi-
fied as churches in the past
because the two have similar
ground plans. However, the
synagogues are identified by
menorahs or other Jewish
symbols appearing on stones
or other relics.
Other criteria for identify.
ing a synagogue are Greek
or Hebrew inscriptions of a
distinctively Jewish nature,
the orientation of the build-
ing toward Jerusalem and
the presence of a small apse
at the east end, designed to
hold the Torah scrollls.
Benches facing the apse gave
another indication that the
building was a synagogue.
The Sardis building is par-
ticularly notable among the
synagogues in Asia Minor for
its size and its prominent lo-
cation in the city's central
market place.
The synagogue dates to the
2nd Century CE and was
restored or rebuilt on at least
three occasions, with the
major restoration coming in
about 400 CE. It was used
as a house of worship until
Sardis was destroyed in 616.
The excavation and study
of this once-prosperous city,
was started in 1958 by a
joint team from Harvard and
Cornell Universities.

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NEW YORK—Anglo-Israel
Bank. Ltd., the London-based
member of the Bank Leumi
Group, has announced an
agreement between the bank
and Cleveland Trust Co..
whereby Cleveland Trust will
purchase 350,000 shares cf
Anglo-Israel, representing an
interest of 17.5 per cent.
The agreement is condi-
tional on receiving consent
by the Bank of England, ap-
propriate U.S. regulatory au-
thorities, and Anglo-Israel
Bank shareholders.
Anglo-Israel Bank also an-
nounced the proposal to
change its name to Bank
Leumi (U.K.) Ltd., so as to
be identified more closely
with the Bank Leumi group,
headed by Bank Leumi le-
Israel.
The U.S. member of the
Bank Leumi Group is Bank
Leumi Trust Co. of New
York, with three branches in
New Yo r k and offshore
branches in Nassau (Ba-
hamas) and Grand Cayman
Island.

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Hasmonean Coins
on Loan to Israel

JERUSALEM — A total of
200 2,000-year-old Hasmonean
coins were loaned to the Is-
rael Museum here by a
Canadian collector, Hyman
Bessin.
Many unique pieces are in
the collection, coined in
Jerusalem during the reign
of four Hasmonean kings be-
tween 103 BCE and 37 BCE.
Bessin previously gave the
museum the earliest known
Jewish coin.

ungarian Jewish Community Seen Going Through Revival

nity seems to be going
through a revival. In Buda-
pest itself, a Jewish school—
primary and secondary — is

Acrudath Israel Seeks Revival
of Torah, Religious Observance

ATLANTIC CITY (JTA)—
A call to Jews throughout the
world for a "mass Torah re-
vival in the aftermath of the
Yom Kippur War," as well
as a broad range of pro-
grams to intensify Jewish re-
ligious observance and out-
reach programs to estranged
Jewish youth, emerged at the
51st national convention of
Agudath Israel of America
last weekend.
A total of 3,000 delegates
and guests from North and
South America, Europe and
Israel participated in the
four-day conclave, which was
addressed by the deans of
the major Orthodox rabbini-
cal seminaries in this coun-
try and Orthodox community
leaders.
"No Jew, wherever he is.
can pretend to be untouched
by events in Israel—or any-
where, for that matter," de-
clared Rabbi Moses Fein-
stein, head of the Council of
Torah Sages of Agudath Is-
rael of America and dean of
the Mesivta Tifereth Jeru-
salem in New York.
The convention con-
centrated on seeking means -
of lifting the levels of Torah
observance within all Ortho-
dox Jewry and sought means
of marshalling increased pub-
lic support for Israel's ma-
terial and spiritual needs. A
resolution was adopted call-
ing upon Israel to institute
Saturday as its national car-
less day, instead of its de-
cision to leave each citizen
the choice of day.
The convention also ap-
proved the decision of the

Mrs. Meir Urged
to Quit by Half of
Poll Respondents

TEL AVIV (ZINS) — The
results of two public opinion
polls conducted by the inde-
pendent and influencial He-
brew daily, Ha'aretz, were
published recently.
The first survey reflects a
crisis of confidence in the
leadership of the govern-
ment. A total of 50 per cent
of those questioned were in
favor of Golda Meir's re-
signing as prime minister.
However, 39 per cent of
those who favored her step-
ping down failed to name a
successor. Only 11 per cent
expressed a preference for
Menahem Begin, leader of
the opposition, as an alter-
native.
Other possible candidates
for the premiership were Yi-
gal Allon, 20 per cent Moshe
Dayan, 10.5 per cent Abba
Eban, 5.4 per cent Itzhak
Rabin, 4.9 per cent; Pinhas
Sapir, 3.7 per cent; and
Haim Bar-Lev, 1.3 per cent.
The second survey showed
that if the Knesset elections
were to have taken place as
•,riginally planned at the end
3f October, the ruling Labor
Party would have lost 10
seats, while the opposition
bloc of Likud would have
gained 14 new mandates.
This would have led to a
standoff with each of the ma-
jor political groups receiving,
46 out of a total of 120 Knes-
set seats.

Agudath Israel administra-

tion to "temporarily" end its

fight to prevent the adoption

of year-round daylight saving
time. Although year-round
daylight saving time would
create serious problems for
Orthodox Jews, because in
some areas they would not
be permitted to begin their
morning prayers until around
8 a.m. in January, Agudath
Israel c e a s e d its efforts
against the measure the mo-
ment it became an emer-
gency measure to help in the
current energy crisis which
the public attributes partially
to American military aid to
Israel.
A call for a "new type of
Jewish leadership" was is-
sued at the closing session by
Rabbi Moshe Sherer, execu-
tive president of Agudath Is-
rael of America, who charged
that "basic policy issues on
matters crucial to the very
survival of the Jewish peo-
ple are being decided by
leaders of Jewish establish-
ment groups who basically
lack the qualifications and
background necessary for
this role."

functioning, services are held
in the synagogues and Jew-
ish social services operate
in a number of cities.
There are only 100,000
Jews in Hungary today,
compared to 700,000 before
the war and yet many of
them openly admit or even
assert their Jewishness in
some way or other. Thus,
Hungary's best known actor,
Laszlo Kabos, recently told
a television interviewer who
was discussing his back-
ground, "I always considered
myself a Jew."
The most outspoken Hun-
garian Jews are the reli-
gious. Younger people, often
nonreligious, also avail them-
selves of the social services
provided by the community.
Many, for instance, send
their children to Jewish
schools or at least to the
religious education classes
on Saturdays.
The loosest contact is
maintained by the middle
classes and especially by the
many professional people
who only attend synagogue
services during the High
Holidays. Some, from small
communities consisting of
only a dozen or fewer fami-
lies, come to Budapest at
that period to attend the
services in the capital. Many
voluntarily pay the "com-
munity tax" which helps sup-
port social activities such as
homes for the aged, a kosher

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UAW's Mazey
Calls Israel Bonds
'Good Investment'

The protest by a group of
Arab union members against
the UAW's purchase of Israel
Bonds prompted a strong re-
ply from UAW Secretary-
Treasurer Emil Mazey, who
called the bonds a "good in-
vestment."
The demonstration took
place Wednesday at a Cobo
Hall banquet honoring Leo-
nard Woodcock with the Na-
tional Bnai Brith Humani-
tarian Award.
The union purchased $785,-
000 in bonds at a 51/2 per
cent interest rate from 1961
to 1967, Mazey said. "They
are development bonds . . .
and we made the investment
because we believe the state
of Israel has a right to live.
It is the only democracy in
the Middle East.
"All the other countries are
under dictatorships," he
said, "and Israel is the only
one with a free trade-union
movement."

canteen and help for the
needy.
Ten provinces out of a
total of 19 have a community
life of their own with a local,
often part-time rabbi. The
local rabbi also serves as
Hebrew and religious in-
struction teacher. The only
rabbinical seminary in an of
Eastern Europe, "The Gen-
eral Rabbinical School," op-
erates in Budapest.
Some of the students come
from East Germany, Czecho-
slovakia and other socialist
states. Two of the students
currently attending classes
come from the Soviet Union.
The local community
paper, "Uj Elet" (New Life),
with a circulation of 20,000,
appears every second week.
The paper, formerly known
as "The Paper of Hungarian
Israelites," is now edited by
Geza Seifert, who is also
chairman of the community
board. It carefully avoids
politics, thus, it pointedly
avoided even mentioning the
Yam Kippur War. The top
organ of the community is
the Representative Council
of Hungarian Jews, directed
by its board.

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