THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS Friday, December 7, 1973-11
The first of qualities for a
great statesman is to be hon-
est.—John Quincy Adams.
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Robert Soule! Carte Hilton, San Juan, P.R. Jan. 18-31
B-G: a Legend in His Time
(Continued from Page 10)
list and escaped to Palestine
in 1906 where he went to
work in the orange groves in
Petah Tikva.
Shortly after arriving he
became active in the Poale
Zionist movement. At a
"convention" of the tiny
membership in Ramle in Oc-
tober 1906, Ben-Gurion star-
tied some of the more doc-
trinaire young friends by in-
sisting that the aims of
political Zionism must take
precedence over any Social-
ist idealism. This presaged
his insistence in later years
upon what he called "ham-
lakhiut"— that national in-
terests must precede all par-
tisan or even ideological ones.
Nevertheless, shortly after
the Bolshevik Revolution in
1917, he wrote to Nahman
Syrkin, the father of Social-
ist Zionism, that Zionists
should seek to join the Third
International, and expressed
belief that the Russian revo-
lution was the harbinger of
Jewish liberation in the So-
viet Union for those Jews
who wanted to remain there.
Poverty and malaria at
Petah Tikva caused Ben-
Gurion to leaVe in 1907 and
move to Sejara in the Gali-
lee where the first attempt
was made to establish a
Jewish agricultural collective,
"Hahoresh," and where he
founded "hashomer," the
Jewish self-defense organi-
zation which was to be the
forerunner of the Hagana
and Zahal.
After two young settlers
were killed by Arab marau-
ders, Ben Gurion later wrote:
"I understood that sooner or
later there would be a mili-
tary confrontation with the
Arabs. I realized that this
conflict was inevitable . . .
we would have to be pre-
pared."
Three years later, he went
to Jerusalem to help, with
Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, Rachel
Yanait and Yaacov Zeru-
bavel, edit Poalei Zion's new
newspaper, "Ahdut," and in
this he adopted the name Ben-
Gurion, the name of a Jewish
hero in the Roman wars
nearly 2,000 years before.
The paper supported the
young Turk movement which
had revolted in 1908 against
Turkish oppression.
After an interval in which
he studied law in Istanbul,
he returned to Palestine and
in 1915 the Turkish adminis-
tration banished him and
Ben-Zvi, later Israel's sec-
ond president, and deprived
him of his Turkish citizenship
for "trying to tear Palestine
out of the Turkish home-
land."
By 1921 he was definitely
a national figure: secretary
general of Histadrut until
1935 and in that year was
elected chairman of the
Jerusalem executive of the
Jewish Agency. In 1927, the
Ahdut Haavoda Party of
which he had been a co-
founder, joined with Hapoel
Hatzair to form Mapai, the
party which he led until he
finally resigned Israel's pre-
miership in 1963.
During the entire period
he was also one of the chief
builders of Hagana, the Jew-
ish underground defense
force. He escaped arrest with
the other Jewish leaders by
the British in July 1946 only
because he was out of the
country. He never relin-
quished his nost as minister
of defense while he was
prime minister, and for a
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time in 1955, when he came
back from his first period of
retirement at Sde Boker, he
was only minister of defense
under Moshe Sharett as
prime minister.
Although a comparative
latecomer to the idea that a
full-fledged Jewish state must
be established and not some
kind of commonwealth or
trusteeship, he put the whole
weight of his personality be-
hind it once the historic
meeting in 1942 at the Bilt-
more Hotel in New York had
so decided.
It was he who proclaimed
the state in May 1948 and
he then proceeded system-
atically to clear it of all in-
ternal rival establishments—
first the Irgun Zvai Leumi
and Stern Group military or-
ganizations and then the
Palmah itself, spearhead of
the Hagana whose leaders
wanted it to become an army
within the army. Only re-
cently did he make peace
with Yigal Allon, then corn-
mander of the Palmah and at
present Israel's deputy prime
minister.
Ben-Gurion was a prolific
writer. He was the author of
"Self-Government of Vil-
lages" (1914); "The Labor
Movement and Revisionism"
(1933); "From Class to Na-
tion" (1933); "The Struggle"
(5 volumes from 1947 to 50);
"Rebirth and Destiny of
Israel" (1954); "The Sinai
Campaign" (1959); and
"Years of Challenge" (1963).
He was also a passionate
reader, and among the thou-
sands of books he read in his
lifetime were works by Cer-
vantes, Una Muno and Garcia
Lorca in Spanish, and the
writings of Plato in ancient
Greek.
(Related Stories on. Page 14)
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