Proof of Jewish Resistance Documented
ST. LOUIS — Refuting
claims that almost all Euro-
pean Jews went unresisting
to their deaths in the Nazi
Holocaust, a new booklet,
"They Chose Life," chroni-
cles the actions of men,
women, and children who,
despite overwhelming odds,
attempted to strike back at
their oppressors.
Illustrated with p h o t o-
graphs from the ghettos,
slave-labor factories, and con-
centration camps of the
Hitler period, the 64-page
booklet offers a brief review
of the major events in Hit-
ler's program to annihilate
the Jews; an analysis of the
activities and rationales of
Jewish councils, the Nazi-
sponsored Jewish ghetto gov-
ernments: and a chronicle of
Jewish heroes, some as
young as four and five years
old, whose resistance to Nazi
tyranny ranged from smug-
gling and sabotage to guer
rilla fighting.
The booklet is written by
Yehuda Bauer, a native of
Czechoslovakia w h o emi-
grated to Palestine in 1939.
and who is now head of the
Institute of Contemporary
Jewry at Hebrew University,
in charge of its department
of Holocaust studies. It is co-
published by the American
Jewish Committee and the
Institute for Contemporary
Jewry, and was introduced at
the annual meeting of AJC's
national executive council,
continuing through Sunday at
the Riverfront Inn here.
"They Chose Life" is avail-
able, at $1.25 a copy, from
the AJC's Institute of Hu-
man Relations, 165 East 56
Street, New York, N.Y. 10022.
In an introduction to the
text, Bertram H. Gold, AJC's
Executive Vice President, de-
clares that the collection of
data on the Holocaust is "one
of the most pressing respon-
sibilities of Jews today."
"A whole new generation
wants and needs to know
about it," he writes. "For
one of the lessons of history
is that what happened once
to a group of people can hap-
pen again, to the same group
or another; and the tech-
nology available for genocide
is advancing."
Gold explains why the
myth of near-total Jewish
non-resistance has been able
to continue for the past 30
years.
In recent years, non-Ger-
man sources have become
available to correct the
earlier distortions, and Dr.
Bauer documents his text
from the personal recollec-
tions of survivors, diaries,
letters, underground news-
p a p e r s,
commemorative
books, and other evidence of
Jewish response to Nazi
tyranny — smuggling of food
and ammunition, counter-
espionage, guerrilla attacks,
assassinations, and affirma-
tion of life in the shadow of
death.
Although the Warsaw ghetto
uprising in April and May
of 1943 was the most widely
known example of Jewish re-
sistance, there were many
other, less publicized, occa-
DANGEROUS TOYS
The U.S. Consumer Product
Safety Commission, in an
effort to reduce the number
of toy-related injuries has
banned 1,500 hazardous toys.
Manufacturers and retail•
ers who distribute banned
toys can be prosecuted.
sions when Jews in consider-
able numbers turned against
their oppressors, Dr. Bauer
writes.
There were armed under-
ground units in "at least 40-
odd ghettos in Eastern
Europe," and "Jewish par-
tisans in Europe as a whole
numbered in the tens of thou-
sands," he writes.
In addition, he says, the
only five uprisings in the 12-
year history of Nazi concen-
tration camps and death
camps — in Sobibor, Treblin-
ka, Auschwitz, Kruszyna and
Krychow—were all organized
by Jews.
Most of instances of overt
resistance, Dr. Bauer points
out, occurred in late 1942 and
1943 because, until then, Jews
did not know they were slated
for extinction. The mass mur-
der program was not decided
on until 1941, when Germany
marched into the Soviet
'Union where millions of Jews
fell under the Nazi rule, and
it was effectively kept secret
until about the middle of
1942. Up to that time, the as•
sumption had been that the
Jews would be resettled and
used as slave labor, but not
systematically killed.
"How can the victims be
blamed for not foreseeing
their fate at a time when the
murderers had not yet de-
cided it?" Dr. Bauer asks.
"Nothing like it had ever
happened before, and people
were simply unable to imag-
ine that it could happen."
Assessing the historical and
moral significance of t h e
Hitler period, Dr. Bauer con-
cludes that "large parts of
European Jewry, though
divided, powerless and politi-
cally helpless . . . fell victim
to brute force but not, as a
rule, to demoralization or
moral collapse."
New Translation of 'Psalms'
in UAHC Limited Art Edition
Michigan Man,
Diplomat, JTA
to Be Honored
NEW YORK — Assistant
Secretary of State Francis
L. Kellogg; philanthropist
Nathan Cummings, who re-
sides parttime in Michigan;
and the Jewish Telegraphic
Agency will receive the 1973
Stephen S. Wise Awards of
the American Jewish Con-
gress at a dinner Dec. 9, at
Hotel Pierre here.
Cummings, a resident of
New. York City and Charle-
voix, is the founder, honor-
ary chairman of the board
and a member of the execu-
tive committee of the Con-
solidated Foods Corp.
Among his philanthropic
contributions is the Nathan
Cummings Basic Sciences
Building at Mt. Sinai Hos-
pital in New York.
Cummings is a life gov-
ernor of the Jewish General
Hospital of Montreal and a
trustee of Mt. Sinai Hospital.
Kellogg was appointed spe-
cial assistant to the secretary
of state for refugee and mi-
gration affairs in 1971. He
has been active for many
years in U. S. government,
international and private ef-
forts to aid refugees through-
out the world, including U.S.
aid to Israel for the absorp-
tion of Soviet Jewish refu-
gees.
The Jewish Telegraphic
Agency disseminates news
of the Jewish community
throughout the world in a
daily bulletin to Anglo-Jewish
and Yiddish papers in this
country and publishes a
weekly community news re-
port. In addition, it provides
a wire service to Israel and
other nations throughout the
world and maintains offices
in several countries abroad.
A special tribute will be
presented at the dinner in
memory of the late Frank
Abrams, long-time national
treasurer and honorary vice
president of the Congress.
Israel's ambassador to the
United States, Simha Dinitz,
will be the guest speaker.
Histadrut Drive Cuts
Into UJA — Ehrlich
JERUSALEM (ZINS) —
Simha Ehrlich, MK, asked
the Knesset to halt the Hista-
drut fund-raising campaign
in the U.S., which competes
with the extraordinary ef-
forts of United Jewish Ap-
peal.
NEW YORK — A nei,y English translation of the Book
of Psalms illustrated with 58 line-drawings by Ismar
David, the artist, designer and calligrapher, has been pub-
lished in a handsome outsize format of 1,500 numbered
limited edition copies signed by the artist.
The translation was prepared by a team of biblical
scholars working under the auspices of the Jewish Publica-
tion Society and has been published by the Union of Ameri-
can Hebrew Congregations in honor of its 100th anniversary
this year.
"The Psalms" is one of several cultural and artistic
works commissioned for the UAHC centennial. Others in-
clude 18 liturgical compositions designed for performance in
the synagague, by some of the country's leading Jewish
composers, and "Ani Maamin" ("I Believe"), a dramatic
poem by Elie Wiesel, with music by Darius Milhaud.
The 152-page, two-color limited edition of "The Psalms"
is printed in side-by-side Hebrew and English. The 150
poems therein represent, according to a preface, "the direct
outpouring of the individual human heart to the deity in
response to a situation that inspired anxiety or awe, fear or
fortitude, entreaty or thanksgiving, pain or pleasure, and
all the other emotions a concerned and sensitive person
experiences."
The artist, who designed the Hebrew typeface for the
book, also did the art work for another UAHC publication,
"Wings of the Morning," by Rabbi Poland G. Gittelsohn of
Temple Israel, Boston. David also did the color drawings
for the Limited Editions Club publication of Pascal's "Les
Pensees."
Born in Breslau, David lived in Jerusalem for 20 years
before coming to this country in 1952.
18—Friday, Nov. 23, 1973
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