of London Zionist Congress
Drama of Survival During Nazi Era in Poland 70th Anniversary
Yiddish
poet Morris Rosenfeld and ' liter a r y societies were being
By JOSEF FRAENKEL
the Hebrew poet Joseph Massel. founded.
News Special London
Gives Evidence of Resistance; 'The Bunker,' (Jewish Correspondent)
Max Bodenheimer and Johann
The Russian delegates had a daily
Kremenetzky addressed the dele-
Even before the publication of news sheet in the Russian lan-
gates on the Jewish National
JPS New Work, Is Account of Human Grit Theodor
the booklet "The Jewish State," guage; it was the first Russian
Fund, and both suggested that
Herzl visited London, in daily printed in England.

"Only once did we discover
A great drama is recorded in
a living being—a young girl.
the newest Jewish Publication
In Wolymnska Street, a platoon
Society novel, "The Bunker" by
of us Jews guarded by an SS
Charles Goldstein, translated from
man went down into a cellar
the French by Esther Malkin.
which led into another cellar.
It is the story of a man who,
In the second cellar we sud-
with six others, survived the War-
denly saw a young girl, who
saw Ghetto revolt, lived in hiding
looked to us like something
in a bunker they created, and
wild and prehistoric. Near her
went through agonies that were
lay the body of a young man.
part of an era of terror. Because
"The Germans ordered us to
they were able to record this tale,
take the corpse outside. They
this novel is rightfully described
took the girl off to the camp.
by William Glicksman, who wrote
There they got her to calm down
an introduction defining the work,
and to wash herself; they also
as "a major contribution to the
gave her something to eat.
history of the Holocaust."
"When we came back to the
Glicksman states about Gold-
camp at lunchtime we were all
stein's book that it is neither
ordered to remain standing. The
a novel nor a memoir—because
girl was sitting on a chair near
it does.not contain fictitious and
the kitchen.
imaginative elements and be-
"The commandant went up to
cause it does not comprise
her and said: "Here, in this
chronological entries. He calls
camp, Jews live. No harm is
it "a witness—a testimony to
done to them. They work and
the suffering of man and to his
they are fed. You too can stay
indomitable fight for dignity
here and live. You will go short
and human worth in even the
of nothing. You only have to
most unbelievable, degrading
tell us who helped you to sur-
situations."
vive
until now. With whom are
With the six other Jews, Charles
you in contact? With someone
Goldstein was in the bunker from
outside? Tell me, child."
September 1944 to January 1945.
"The girl looked at him with
Their survival is the result of a
an expression of pride. There
determined will that is recorded
was
a light on her face, as
in this testimony—a record that
though she was glowing from
should be widely read because of
within. She leaped up from her
the great worth it attains as a
chair and said with contempt
notable document.
in her voice:
The author—one of the seven
"I know your sweet words!
who created a life of courage and
But you will pay for everything!
dignity during the months they
Your end is already near!"
were in the bunker—was born in
The commandant shot her
Poland. He left for France in the
late 1920s and served in the French
through the heart."
Resistance during the world war.
There is the constant debate
He was arrested in June 1942, and over resistance. What better ex-
was sent to Auschwitz. He was as- ample of resistance than this?
Goldstein's story tells of enmities
signed to clean up the Warsaw
Ghetto in October of 1943 and later towards Jews by Poles. He also
managed with the small group to records acts of friendship, espe-
escape, into Number 8 Francisz- cially from one Pole who kept
kanska Street that was held by a coming to the bunker to bring
Jewish unit. Under it they built the them food. The reminiscences of
bunker. The building was burnt by Goldstein contain a reference to
the Nazis. But they managed to the tragic death of his noble Pole.
"The Bunker" is part of the
clean up the underground hideout
to carry on the existence of the history of the bitter era in Poland.
JPS
adds valuably to literature
hounded.
One of the seven in the bunker about the Holocaust with this book.
was a young girl. She was the
cook during these months, as the 'Of Bombs and Mice'
men went foraging for food in the
destroyed buildings nearby. The Also Tells of Ghetto
"Of Bombs and Mice" is intro-
fears and the dangers, the con-
stant lookout for Germans pa- duced as a novel by Mina Tom-
trolling the area, the agonies oc- kiewicz relating the story of the
casioned by the rats and the flies Warsaw ghetto. It is much more
—these are the elements in a than that. It is the personal exper-
struggle for survival that portrays ience of a woman who, with her
the heroism of a group that defied child, survived Bergen-Belsen, who
threats and emerged victorious_ went through the era of the Ger-
just as everything appeared ' mans arrival in Poland, the period
doomed. It was just as the last of humiliation that was followed by
bits of food were consumed, as arrest, the concentration camp
hunger began to destroy the last miseries, the indignities and the
vestiges of hope, that they learned struggle for survival.
On this Thomas Yoseloff-pub-
Russians had arrived, that Ger-
mans had fled from the Warsaw lished novel, we meet the char-
acters involved in the battle for
area.
During the months in their hide- life. The reader learns of the hope-
out the group with Goldstein—all lessness under which the per-
are listed and described at the secuted lived, the striving for food
beginning of the story—is visited and for hope to escape the terror.
The novel was translated
by others in the nearby hideouts
from the Polish by Stefan F.
in the Warsaw underground canal
Gazel, and the author edited the
zones. From one they invited a
volume together with Patrick
priest, Kazik, who was near death,
Wyndham. In the gathered facts
join
them.
They
nursed
him
to
are the accounts of Jews and
back to life and he survived
Poles seeking means of escap-
agonies of bunker life with them.
ing the worst and with efforts
In an epilogue, the author de-
to attain posts—such as police
scribes what had happened to all
for
the Germans to restrain the
the surviving heroes of this touch-
victims of the Nazis.
ing story. All live normal lives.
Well trained, having earned her
In the course of his narrative,
Goldstein incorporates a recollec- master's degree in law before
tion of life in Auschwitz before World War II, Mina Tomkiewicz
being sent to Warsaw and before and her young son were `the only
the Warsaw Insurrection which members of the family to survive.
enabled the group and others to Her husband was murdered. She
was in DP camps after the war
escape.
It was when Goldstein and the before going to Israel where her
group from Auschwitz was ordered first book was written in a British
to clean up Warsaw's streets, just camp at Beit Nabala. She is now
before the Insurrection, that they in free-lance journalism, has lived
saw the horrid sights of the dead, for four years in Richmond, Sur-
the -devastation, and then Gold- rey, as correspondent for Polish
emigre and Israeli newspapers.
stein records this incident:

48 Friday, August 7, 1970

—

THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS

preparations should continue and
Two days before the opening
that the next Congress (1901)
of the Congress, on Saturday
should
establish the JNF.
mass
evening, Aug. 11, 1900, a
meeting at the Great Assembly
Some of the delegates—David
Hall, Mile End, took place. About Wolffsohn, M. Ussishkin, N. Soko-
8,000 people came to listen to low, Rabbi Reines, L. Motzkin-
Herzl, Max Nordau, Zangwill, were already well-known, others
Haham Moses Gaster, Prof. —Chaim Weizmann, Leopold Kes-
Mandelstamm, Prof. Rich and sler, Yechiel Tschlenov—on the
Gottheil, Stephen S. Wise and way to becoming known. Delegates
others. When Herzl appeared, from England who played impor-
the public enthusiastically wel- tant roles were: Sir Francis Mon-
comed the founder of modern tefiore, Leopold J. Greenberg,
Zionism.
Joseph Cowen and Jacob de Haas.
Several minutes passed before
After the closing session at the
the excited crowd quieted down. banquet, Nordau said: "There
London papers stated that never were those who declared them-
before, "not within living memory" selves to be Jews, and there were
had there been such a mass meet- those who had to be told they
ing of Jews. "Zionism belongs to were Jews. It was more hon-
the forefront of international poli- orable to acknowledge this than
tics," wrote the Manchester to be told one was a Jew," he
Guardian.
concluded.
More than 400 delegates arrived
Herzl saw Lord Salisbury's
in London to participate in the private secretary, Eric Barring-
Fourth Zionist Congress, from Aug. ton, and other high officials of the
13 to 16, 1900. The Queens Hall foreign office. Together with other
(Langham Place) was packed leading Zionists they visited Wind-
when Herzl, in his opening speech, sor Castle and discussed the Jew-
stated that England was one of ish problem.
the few countries without organ-
"In his heart of hearts," wrote
ized Jew-hatred. It was difficult the Manchester Guardian, "every
to find a country in which God's Herzlist considers his beautiful
Ancient People were not per- dream of a Jewish State to be
secuted. The aim of Zionism was a British protectorate . . "
to create a home for the Jewish
The Chicago Record published
people secured by public law.
an interview with Herzl and
The return of the Jews to the
stated: "At present, Palestine
Land of their Fathers, foretold by
is a dead country, completely
the Holy Scriptures, sung of by
barren, in the modern idea. The
poets, desired, with longing, by
Jews would breathe into it, the
our people, should be an impor-
breath of life . . "
tant event, of political interest,
In an interview with Nordau,
to the powers concerned in the
development of Asia. Herzl con- The Westminster Gazette declared:
tinued and formulated the historic "There are enormous tracts of
words: "England, great England, waste land in Palestine, good to
freedom-loving England, overlook- no one, except jackals." Even
ing all the seas. will understand after the Congress closed, the pa-
our movement. From there the pers continued the discussion on
idea of Zionism will soar higher Palestine, the historic land of the
and farther. We may be convinced Jews. As long as Palestine was
of this." poor, barren, a country for jackals
The delegates listened to Nor- —the Arabs were not interested
dau, one of the finest orators of in the Palestine desert.
the Jewish people. He spoke on The London Congress was a great
the "General Situation of the success. "The result was excel-
Jews" and called special attention lent," noted Herzl in his diaries.
to the pogroms in Romania. Others "We have made a demonstration
dealt with anti-Semitism in various before the English world and the
demonstration has been noticed."
countries.
Oskar Marmorek • reported that Nearly all papers published de-
the number of Zionist societies tailed reports and friendly com-
was increasing all over the world, ments and articles. The Fourth
including Egypt, Morocco and Zionist Congress acquainted the
Algiers. Booklets in various Ian- English readers and politicians
guages, in Arabic too, were being with the time of Zionism and es-
published to explain modern Zion- tablished a bridge which years
ism. Libraries, Hebrew schools, later paved the way to the Balfour
reading rooms, Jewish study and Declaration.

November 1895, where he ad-
dressed his first Zionist meeting
and published his first Zionist
article. He felt that Great Britain
would understand and sympathize
with modern Zionism. He intended
to convene the Second Zionist Con-
gress (1898) in London, but the
old English Hovevei Zion and the
new Zionist Societies were still
negotiating their amalgamation. In
1899, the English Zionist Federa-
tion was founded, became active
and a year later consisted of 39
societies in 29 towns.
Of the six Zionist Congresses
over which Herzl presided, five
took place in Basle and one, the
fourth, in London. Seventy years
have passed, and 27 Zionist Con-
gresses have been convened, yet
no other Zionist Congress has met
in London.
Herzl wanted to hold the First
Zionist Congress (1897) in Munich,
but because of the opposition of
the Jewish community there and
the "Protestrabbis," Basle finally
became the town of Zionist Con-
gresses. One year later, on Oct. 18,
Herzl met Kaiser Wilhelm, at
Yildiz Kiosk, and again on Nov.
2, 1898, in Jerusalem, but the ex-
pectations for a charter were not
realized. From then on, Herzl con-
centrated his hopes more intensely
on Great Britain. Modern Zionism
would be made known to the larg-
est city in the world, to win Lon-
don's moral and political support.
Journalists of the powerful English
press would be invited to report
and comment on Zionism and to
explain the aims of Zionism to its
readers in nearly all the countries
of the world. Whoever makes a
speech in London, Herzl wrote,
speaks to the entire English civil-
ized world.
There was a stimulating "Con-
gress atmosphere." The English
Zionist Federation gave an of-
ficial reception in honor of the
delegates, as well as a garden
party at the Royal Botanic Gar-
dens and a banquet.
An exhibit of pictures of the
Holy Land was opened, and daily
lectures on Palestine were ar-
ranged. Mazin published Zionist
songs in English, Hebrew and Yid-
dish, and Isaac Snowman designed
a souvenir card for the London
Congress. Israel Zangwill was
proud to announce that "Litera-
ture" was fully represented. Be-
sides Herzl and Nordau, Abraham
Goldfaden, Father of the Yiddish
Theater, was• there, as well as the

NEW EXPRESSIONS

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Feature Sponsored by Tarbut Foundation for the Advancement of Hebrew Culture

And He shall judge between the nations.

And shall decide for many peoples:

u w

.40d they-shall beat their swords into
plowshares,
And their spears into pruning hooks:
Nation shall not lift up sword against
nation,
Neither shall they learn war any more.

Isaiah 2:4.

Reconstructing

Interesting

Page of Zionist
and Shaarey
Zedek History
in Detroit

THE JEWISH NEWS

Michigan Weekly

Commentary
Page 2

Review of Jewish News

Rational, Honorable

People Never Reject
Peace, Nor Do They
Nourish Hatreds

Editorials
Page 4

Michigan's Only English-Jewish Newspaper — Incorporating The Detroit Jewish Chronicle

VOL. LVI I, No. 22 4-eta° 27

17515

W. 9 Mile Rd., Suite 865, Southfield, Mich. 48075, 356-8400

August 14, 1970

$7.00 Per Year; This Issue 20c

Clouds Gather Anew in M. E.;
Cease Fire Again Threatened;
USSR's SAMs Multiply Dangers

Begin, Meir'S Chief Adversary,
Accuses U. S. of 'Deceit, Fraud'

JERUSALEM (JTA)—Premier Golda Meir advanced by a day her
report to the Knesset on the status of the cease fire and the current
political situation which she was originally scheduled to deliver Thursday.
She advanced her speech apparently to rebut a highly emotional attack
on the United States peace initiative by her former cabinet minister,
Menahem Begin of Herut.
Speaking for almost an hour, Begin charged the U.S. State Depart-
ment with "deceit" and said the Israel government should urge American
Jewry "to send a delegation to President Nixon and tell him, your advisers
are playing an international chess game at the expense of our blood." He
called on American Jews to "go out in the streets and demonstrate"
which, he said, they "failed to do during the Second World War when our
Six Million were being murdered."
Begin, who led the Gahal faction's defection from the government
last week in protest against acceptance of the American plan, was incensed
by the text of United Nations envoy Gunnar V. Jarrings' letter to
Secretary General U Thant which stated the basii and objectives of the
peace negotiations to be held under his auspices but omitted Israel's basic
conditions for accepting them. This, according to Begin, was "an interna-
tional scandal," "fraud" and "deceit." He accused the U.S. of having
deliberately misled Israel.
The Herut leader contended that the U.S. plan offered no prospects
for peace even if its most optimistic expectations were fulfilled. On the
contrary, "it can lead only to war," Begin argued, because "King Hussein
has declared that the cease fire does not apply to the terrorists who
consider it their duty to go on shooting at Israelis." Begin claimed that
if the plan of Secretary of State William Rogers was fulfilled and the plans
for the West Bank of Israel's Deputy Premier Yigal Alton with its system of
enclaves were accepted, "most of Israel's population centers, including
Tel Aviv, Ramat Gan, Petah Tikvah and Beersheba would be in range of
the terrorists' Katyusha rockets."

In spite of apparent Russian endorsement of efforts to assure continuation
of the cease fire and condemnation of terrorist activities by the Communist
organ Pravda; and in view of concern in Israel of failure of United Nations officials
to emphasize Israel's insistence that there will be no withdrawal from any areas
until there are proper negotiations for peace, the situation in the Middle East became
critical again toward the end of this week. New Egyptian threats, reunification of
Arab terrorists in opposition to the cease fire, insistence of Arab states that the Gun-
nar Jarring negotiations be conducted in New York instead of Cyprus, all added to
the renewed tensions. But Israel, in spite of the strong opposition led by Menahem
Begin, is adhering to the cease-fire proposals of the U. S. Vital decisions are
expected at the UN, during the Jarring consultations and Big Four meetings, early
next week. Urgent talks are being conducted with Israel and Arab representatives
in an effort to dispel the clouds that are gathering anew in the Middle East. Mean-
while, Mid East dangers multiplied with Israel's revelations that the USSR has placed
new SAM missiles on the banks of the Suez. These revelations now are being investi-
gated by the U. S. to assure that the Russian agreement to the U. S. cease-fire
proposals has not been violated. Mrs. Meir told the Knesset Wednesday (detailed
story on Page 3) that Israel's agreement to negotiation did not include a prior
condition.
WASHINGTON (JTA)—The State Department said Wednesday it had been
informed by Israel Ambassador Itzhak Rabin that Soviet anti-aircraft missiles were
placed on the Egyptian bank of the Suez Canal four hours after the cease fire
took effect at 1 a.m. Cairo time last Saturday. State Department spokesman Rob-
ert J. McCloskey said, "We are looking into that report. As far as documentation is
concerned, we have discussed this with the Israeli government and will be discussing
this again." in announcing the shooting halt last Friday, Secretary of State William
P. Rogers and McCloskey termed it a "standstill cease fire;" department sources
said the "cease fire" has been "effective," but declined comment on the "standstill"
aspect. Israel was said to have photographed the new SAM sites and presented the
evidence to Washington via Ambassador Rabin. It was not immediately clear whether
the missiles were SAM-2s or SAM-3s. The cease-fire agreement prohibits military

Nixon Concerned With the Plight of Jews
in Soviet Union, UN's Mrs. Hauser Declares

UNITED NATIONS (JTA)—Mrs. Rita E. Hauser, U.S. representative to the United Nations
Commission on Human Rights, said the Nixon administration is greatly concerned with the
welfare of Soviet Jews "now suffering many deprivations."
In a letter dated July 31 to Rep. Richard L. Ottinger, Democrat of New York, whose
text was made public by the U.S. Mission to the United Nations,
Mrs. Hauser said she had raised the issue of Soviet "mistreatment
of . its Jews" and their right to emigrate to Israel in both the Human
Rights Commission and at the last session of the General Assembly.
Mrs. Hauser's letter was in reply to Ottinger's letter of July
28 which, at the request of the American Jewish Conference on Soviet
Jewry, transmitted copies of two petitions that had been smuggled out
of the Soviet Union.
The petitions, addressed to the Human Rights Commission,
had been signed by nine Leningrad Jews who sought commission
help for them and their families to emigrate to Israel.
In her letter, Mrs. Hauser wrote, "I have persisted in
expressing our nation's interest in and concern for Jews and other
oppressed minority groups in the Soviet Union in the face of strenuous
Soviet opposition to our initiatives."
Mrs. Hauser
She said Gov. Nelson Rockefeller of New York and Sens.
Jacob K. Javits and Charles E. Goodell, Republicans of New York, have all assisted in bringing
this situation before the people of "our state, our nation and before world public opinion."
Ottinger had deplored the fact that the UN and the U.S. had not given high priority
to the matter of dealing with the "spiritual and cultural genocide aimed at the Jews in the Soviet
Union to relax the barriers which now prevent emigration of Soviet Jews to Israel.
Meanwhile, a Soviet Jewish family of three in Riga has written to United Nations Secre.
tary General U Thant to help relieve the "immeasurable suffering" that has befallen them and
th eir r:latives as a result of "unmotivated" refusals by Soviet authorities to let them emigrate
to Israel. A copy of 22f." letter was released
The pleaders—Rakhil, BenriG and Josif Shetsen—wrote: "For all these torturing long
(Continued on Page 10)

(Continued on Page 6)

Talks on 'Highest Diplomatic
Level' Favored by Envoy Rabin

WASHINGTON (JTA) — Gen. Itzhak Rabin, Israel's ambassador
to the United States, said Tuesday that he hoped the impending Arab-
Israeli peace talks under the auspices of Gunnar Jarring will be conducted
on the highest diplomatic level. "Since our intentions are
serious, we hope the representation will be on a high
level. The higher the level, the more serious the negotia-
tions," he said.
Rabin spoke to newsmen after emerging from
21/2 hours at the State Department where he met with
Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs
Joseph J. Sisco. The Israeli envoy returned to Washing-
ton Monday night from Jerusalem where he was sum-
moned for consultations a week ago.
He said that Jarring is trying to work out the level
of representation and the site of the negotiations among
Rabin
the parties concerned; that in Israel's view, "the closer the site is to the
Middle East, the better"; that he could not say who Israel's representative
at the talks will be. "When it is decided, Dr. Jarring will be the first to

know," he said.
Asked the purpose of his visit to the State Department Tuesday.
Rabin said that all countries which have accepted the U.S. peace initiative
are maintaining close contact with the U.S. government "and this is part
of it." A reporter who asked if he was "upset" by the omission of Israel's
condition for withdrawal from occupied territories in Jarring's letter to
UN Secretary General U Thant, was told by Rabin: "I believe that our
position has been made clear in our reply to the U.S. government's initia-
tive. It has not been changed."
Rabin said there were "mixed feelings" in Israel about the 90-day
cease fire. "People have to think a little forward to see what the outcome
will be." Asked to assess Mid East peace prospects, he 1- plicci: "When it
comes to peace in the Middle East I am no prophet."

