- Franco's Refugee Rescue Role, Relations With Arabs and Israel, Jewish Background Enumerated in Biography by George Hills Spain's Generalissimo Francisco himself fell into that practice oc- Left, Judaism was just another Franco is not among the most be- casionally and that "true anti- religion only marginally .less re- loved of men. But in the biography Semitism was being fostered, ir- pugnant that Catholicism. To the by George Hills, a BBC commen- relevant though it was to the Right it was irrelevant to the tator, who was born in Mexico, Spanish scene." Spanish scene. There were hardly son of English and Spanish paren- Among those who joined in the any Jews in. Spain. A few Falan- tage, he does not emerge as a cruel anti-Semitic movement, Hills states gists under Nazi influence tried person, but as a in a footnote, was Tusquets, the to arouse anti-Jewish feeling and power - seeking anti-Mason pamphleteer, who "had there were churchmen who identi- man of great dis- also been anti-Jewish in a non- fied Jewry with Freemasonry but cipline. racialist sense." (the Nazi Alfred) Rosenberg's In Hills' United Nations action of 19 'grotesque theories' were only of "Franco, The years ago, seeking to ostracize interest to 'a dozen or so freaks.' Man and His Spain in an anti-Franco move, Franco would come to have refer- Nation," we are especially disturbed Franco and ences in his speeches to Jews as presented with his associates. Israel's attitude synonomous with the Masons and an i n t e r e sting was especially resented. Liberals he hated. The Spanish picture of t h e That phase of France's activi- wartime press had no references dictator and his ties and of Spain's role in the to Hitler's persecution of the Jews: people, this his- world is described by Hills as but then it had none either to his Franco torical biography, followS: persecution of the Catholic Church. published by Macmillan, (866 3rd, "Since the United Nations had Nevertheless, behind all this, NY22), we have a noteworthy por- Franco was far from impassive to trayal in which there are refer- instructed its members to with- their fate. He protected the Jews ences to t h e attitudes towards draw their ambassadors, first Ar- wherever Hitler had power to the Jews, the Jewish backgrounds in gentina and then Paraguay, Peru, limit of his ability. H _ e could not Spanish history, t h e record -of Brazil and Colombia in succession save them as a race, but he could treatment of refugees during had defied the recommendation. and did save individuals in so far Already lready in 1947 the best that the World War II. Soviet bloc could do at the United legal as he fiction could that extend them the the to Sephardim Of major interest to Jewish readers is the revelation that Nations had been to persuade it were still Spaniards although 'their to express 'concern' only at the ancestors had left Spain four-and- Franco stemmed from a Gali- continuation of the Franco regime. a-half centuries previously." cian-Jewish background. According to the author, Franco In the following year the 'Spanish Supplemented to this is a "rated Russians, Jews and Masons problem' had faded into insignifi- reference to the manner in as the corruptors of 'the national cance in the face of the Soviet which camps were set up for offensive against Berlin and the Jewish refugees who infiltrated soul.' " Nazi influences are indicated in West. In May 1949, the Latin in a manner in which the Spanish setting under Franco American states tried to -get the into Spain could provide succor for and in the preachments of Racial- United Nations to withdraw its them. When Prof. Carlton J. II. ism there were frequent references resolution. Poland and the USSR Haves came to Spain as the - to Jews "in the same breath as turned the occasion into an attack American 'ambassador, Quaker Liberals, Masons and Commu- on the United' States and Britain, and Catholic relief organizations nists." Hills states that Franco accusing them of aiding 'the began to fill a gap by providing Franco regime.' The vote for the necessary relief for refugees. withdrawal of the original resolu- The manner in which Franco tion was 26 votes for to 16 against, Happy New Year to with 16 abstentions including the had aided the rescue of refugees Our Friends and Patrons United States and Britain. As a [ is accounted for by listing the two-thirds majority was required, I hundreds who were saved, the way GURWIN'S AUTO the Latin American motion was [ their funds were returned to them, BODY KLINIC defeated. I is given a full account in Hills' 7711 W. 8 Mile Rd. I book. He states: Call UN 4.8180 — UN 4-8181 "What hurt Franco personally "How many Jews in all were For Towing Estimates was that Israel, which had just saved by Franco's legal fiction that been admitted into the United they were Spaniards does not Nations, voted against the resolu- appear to have been calculated; • • .• — • tion. The Israeli representative but the Sephardic communities of Best Wishes for a made it clear that his country did Greece and Bosnia survived the Happy New Year so not because the Spanish regime war; and the first ship to sail from was undemocratic, but because it the Wcstern Mediterranean into had been the ally of the Nazis. Haifa after the war was the Span- While the Spanish government had ish ship Plus Ultra with 400 adults had no direct hand in the exterm- and 150, orphans who had em- 13620 W. Seven Mile Rd. ination of six million Jews, it had barked in Barcelona." Detroit been the active ally of those re- These are interesting revelations, sponsible." Franco had not ex- yet it is known that only a hand- , pected this, for he thought that ful of Greek Jews survived and Israel at least had some knowledge. the statement about their survival Happy New Year To Our Customers and Friends Because Franco had not is somewhat of an exaggeration. o 5 Hills points to the current im- actively aligned himself with JACK'S Hitler and h a d rejected the proved condition of the Jews in CARPET CLEANERS Spain, the fact that Jewish and fuehrer's plea for participation in the war, Franco felt hurt over Catholic scholars now work to- Our Work Is Guaranteed El a gether there. He also points out Israel's position at the UN, Hills 13251 Irvine, Oak Park that on Aug. 20, 1941, "Franco states that Franco believed LI 3-6860 o Dr a Israel knew about that part of had officially confirmed on the 14,000 Jews in Spanish Morocco his association with Hitler. Hills' book describes Franco's their right to local self-government Best Wishes For The and allotted them a subsidy to friendly relations with the Arab New Year enable t h e Rabbinic Courts to states. function." Describing the role of the Jews Thus we have in Hills' "Franco" in Spain under the Republic, Hills a most interesting biography with relates how Franco himself "de- valuable references to the poli- scribed with unusual sensitivity cies affecting the small Jewish Southfield at 13 Mile Rd. the plight of the Jews as well as community that is rebuilding its 646-8484 of the Moroccans loyal to Spain." existence in the land whence they He writes about the indifference were expelled during the period to the Sephardim and relates the of the Inquisition. following: New Year Greetings "The 1931 Republic promised in • • New Year Greetings its constitution a new law to give • • and Best Wishes from • Spanish nationality to the Sep- • • INTERIOR DECORATORS hardim, but it never came even to • Draperies—Furniture MR. AND MRS. • • Re-Upholstering—Slip Covers be drafted. The consulate in Buch- • S. 3143 W. McNichols Road rib SAM GOLD arest, however, was instructed to • Pointing and Decorating • UN 1-7100 continue as in the days of Primo • • • de Rivera issuing certificates valid • 23400 Church 544-3988 • for six months to any Sephardi • Oak Pork threatened with expulsion or con- Happy New Year to Ali I: fiscation of goods by, the then :11 anti-Jewish Romanian go v e r n- Best Wishes on the New Year (. -1 meat .. "The Spanish press during the Republic was even less pre-occu- KOSHER MEAT pied with the fate of the Jews 12939 West 7 Mile Rd. under Hitler than that of Britain, DI' 1-1607 601 E. 8 Mile Rd. France or the U.S. To the Spanish Words on Women's Witness Rights By RABBI SAMUEL L FOX (Copyright 1967, JTA Inc.) It should be understood that women are not disqualified by Jewish law from all forms of bear- ing witness. There many instances when the testimony of women is perfectly acceptable. Generally, in instances when only one witness is necessary to establish the fact, women are ac- ceptable according to Jcwish law. When it is a matter of the trust- worthiness of the individual, wom- en are just as trustworthy as men. Thus their word is taken just as well as men's in establishing the Kashruth of a product where re- liability is the factor in maintain- ing the standard. - It is only when the testimony of two witnesses is required, as it is generally in civil matters, and in matters affecting the validity of marriage and divorce, that the tes- timony of women is not considered acceptable. The Talmud (Babli, Kethuboth 30a) derives this from the Biblical passage where the Bible states, "And both the men . . . shall stand" (Deuteronomy 19:17). This is taken to mean that only men shall stand as two wit- nesses in court and not women. Two areas of reasoning are ad- vanced for this rule. One is that this is a measure to preserve the modesty of women. Having them appear in court to testify and then to be cruelly,cross-examined serves as a vehicle for an attempt to dis- credit their credibility. The latter would tend to challenge the lofty image of the woman, and the worn r Herman Jaffe Photography • • • • • • • • COBURN STUDIO • • • LOUIS COHEN AND SON kR THE DETROIT JEWISH NEWS Friday, September 20, 1968 - 61 MORRIS KOSHER POULTRY Hazel Park Michigan New Year Greetings SPECIFICATIONS SERVICE CO. Hotiday G7e7777,7-1 10 Mile-Southfield Service 24848 Southfield 357-1747 Best Wishes for the New Year New Year Greetings TWIN PINES FARM DAIRY SHARE PHARMACY 800 W. McNichols, corner 3rd Prescriptions Promptly Delivered UN - KARL GUTMAN CUSTOM TAILOR en of Israel are always intended to be carried in a lofty position, "her honor being as the honor of the daughter of a king." A second reason for not allowing women to bear testimony in cases where two witnesses are required is because, in such cases, purely objective and unemotional evalua- tions are required, and women are more subject -to being swayed by emotion and instinct than are men. The Almighty, say the sages, created woman with a deper feel- ing and a more sensitive soul. While this is an asset in dispensing love and tenderness for her family, it is a liability when it comes to assessing and establishing facts in a trial where cold hard objecti- vity is the basic requirement of the testimony. 8445 Lyndon TE 4-1100 1-8178 Holiday Greetings Holiday Greetings Witmer Bros. 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